肉牛遗传资源培育品种价值评估体系构建——以大通牦牛为例

Construction of Value Evaluation System for Beef Genetic Resources Breeding Varieties——Taking Datong Yak as an Example

畜禽遗传资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,良种是肉牛产业健康持续发展的物质基础。开展良种培育是实现肉牛遗传资源保护和可持续利用的有效路径,建立肉牛遗传资源价值评估体系至关重要。该文基于世界粮农组织畜禽遗传资源价值框架,开展了对国内外相关文献、研究成果和理论观点的归纳、分析和评价,结合我国实际,初步建立了肉牛培育品种遗传资源价值评估体系。以大通牦牛为例,将其遗传资源价值划分为直接使用价值、间接使用价值、潜在使用价值和保护价值,评估方法确定为市场价格法、机会成本法和影子工程法等3种主要方法,提出尽快建立肉牛遗传资源价值评估体系、进一步完善肉牛遗传资源价值评估方法、推进建立畜禽遗传资源产权制度,以期为促进我国畜牧业高质量发展和生物多样性保护提供决策支撑。

Livestock and poultry genetic resources are an important part of biodiversity,and improved varieties are the material basis for the healthy and sustainable development of beef cattle industry.Breeding is an effective way to realize the protection and sustainable utilization of beef cattle genetic resources,and it is very important to establish a value evaluation system of beef cattle genetic resources.Based on the FAO livestock and poultry genetic resources value framework,this paper summarized,analyzed and evaluated the relevant literature,research results and theoretical viewpoints at home and abroad.Combined with the reality of China,the evaluation system of genetic resources value of beef breeding varieties was preliminarily established.Taking Datong yak as an example,the value of its genetic resources was divided into direct use value,indirect use value,potential use value and protection value.The evaluation methods were determined as three main methods:market price method,opportunity cost method and shadow engineering method.This paper proposes to establish the value evaluation system of beef cattle genetic resources as soon as possible,further improve the value evaluation method of beef cattle genetic resources,and promote the establishment of the property right system of livestock and poultry genetic resources,so as to provide decision support for promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry and biodiversity protection in China.