坦克装甲车辆动力装置技术特点及选型研究

Research on Technical Characteristics and Selection of Power Equipment for Tank and Armored Vehicles

动力装置是坦克装甲车辆实现全域和机动作战的核心部件,其性能和可靠性至关重要。在常用热力发动机中,燃气轮机具有高比功率、低机油消耗等优点,但制造成本和燃油消耗率高,主要应用于美国M1型和俄国T-80坦克。目前,坦克装甲车辆动力型式仍以高增压柴油机为主,燃气轮机尚无法取代。汪克尔发动机因功率和密封性问题发展受限,绝热发动机虽有前景但需材料研究突破。Strv103型坦克的双主机动力型式类似水面舰船的柴-燃联合动力装置,但因复杂性高未广泛推广。油电混合动力型式是新型坦克的重要发展方向,同时液压自由活塞发动机、摆盘式发动机等新型动力装置也在研究中,有望提升坦克动力性能。总之,坦克装甲车辆动力装置需具备良好动力性能、高可靠性和适应性,以满足现代战争对地面突击装备的需求。

The power plant is a core component for tanks and armored vehicles to achieve all-terrain and mobile operations,with its performance and reliability being of utmost importance.Among commonly used thermal engines,gas turbines offer advantages such as high specific power and low oil consumption,but their high manufacturing costs and fuel consumption rates limit their widespread adoption,primarily being used in the U.S.M1 and Russian T-80 tanks.Currently,the dominant power type for tanks and armored vehicles remains the high-pressure diesel engine,with gas turbines unable to replace it.The Wankel engine faces development constraints due to power and sealing issues,while the adiabatic engine,despite its prom-ise,awaits breakthroughs in material research.The Strvlo3 tank's dual-engine power configuration is simi-lar to the diesel-gas combined power plant(CODOG and CODAG)used in surface ships,but its complexity has prevented widespread adoption.Oil-electric hybrid power is an important development direction for new tanks,and research is also ongoing into novel power plants such as hydraulic free-piston engines and swash plate engines,which are expected to enhance the power performance of future tanks and armored vehicles.In summary,power plants for tanks and armored vehicles must possess excellent power performance,high reliability,and adaptability to meet the demands of modern warfare for ground assault equipment.