母猪饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对子代巴马香猪肌肉氨基酸组成及生长发育相关基因表达的影响

Effects of probiotics and synbiotics addition to sows'diet on amino acid composition and growth and development related gene expression in muscle of offspring Bama mini-pigs

[目的]本文旨在研究母猪饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对子代巴马香猪肌肉氨基酸组成及相关基因表达的影响。[方法]选用64头妊娠巴马香猪,随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、抗生素组(50 g·t^(-1)维吉尼亚霉素)、益生菌组(200 mL·d^(-1)益生菌发酵液)和合生元组(500 g·t^(-1)低聚木糖+200 mL·d^(-1)益生菌发酵液),每组16头母猪,单栏饲养。母猪在整个妊娠期和哺乳期饲喂相应试验饲粮;仔猪断奶后,每窝选取2头仔猪,每组32头(8栏,每栏4头),饲喂基础饲粮。分别于65、95和125日龄每组选取8头采集股二头肌和腰大肌样品,测定其水解氨基酸组成和相关基因的表达量。[结果]与对照组相比,合生元组子代巴马香猪股二头肌粗蛋白、Gly、Ser、Ala、Asp、Glu、Pro和Ile含量,腰大肌Gly、Glu、Ser和His含量均显著增加(P<0.05);益生菌组子代巴马香猪股二头肌肌肉萎缩F-box蛋白32和生肌调节因子(MyoG)、腰大肌生肌因子5(Myf5)的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),腰大肌肌球蛋白重链Ⅱb(MyHCⅡb)、股二头肌和腰大肌肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);合生元组子代巴马香猪股二头肌Myf6、生肌分化因子和MyoG以及腰大肌Myf5和MyoG的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),股二头肌MSTN的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);益生菌组和合生元组子代巴马香猪股二头肌MyHCⅡx的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);抗生素组子代巴马香猪腰大肌MyHCⅡx的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),而股二头肌MyHCⅠ和腰大肌MyHCⅡa的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。[结论]母猪饲粮添加益生菌和合生元可改变子代巴马香猪肌肉氨基酸组成,调控生肌因子相关基因表达,上调氧化型肌纤维基因的表达、下调酵解型肌纤维基因的表达,从而有利于肉品质的改善。

[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the effects of maternal addition with probiotics and synbiotics on the muscular amino acid composition and gene expression of offspring Bama mini-pigs.[Methods]A total of 64 pregnant Bama mini-pigs were selected and randomly divided into control(antibiotic-free basal diet),antibiotic(50 g·t^(-1)virginiamycin),probiotics(200 mL·d^(-1)probiotic mixture),and synbiotics(500 g xylo-oligosaccharide per ton diet+200 mL·d^(-1)probiotics mixture)groups,with 16 sows in each group.The sows were raised individually and fed with the corresponding experimental diets during pregnancy and lactation periods.After weaning,two piglets per litter and thirty-two piglets per group were selected and fed a basal diet(eight pens per group,four pigs per pen).At 65,95,and 125 days of age,eight pigs per group were selected and biceps femoris(BF)and psoas major(PM)muscles were sampled to determine hydrolyzed amino acid composition and gene expression.[Results]Compared with the control group,the contents of crude protein,Gly,Ser,Ala,Asp,Glu,Pro,and Ile in the BF muscle and Gly,Glu,Ser,and His in the PM muscle increased in the synbiotics group(P<0.05);the expression levels of muscle atrophy F-box protein 32 and myogenin(MyoG)in the BF muscle and myogenic factor 5(Myf5)in the PM muscle were upregulated in the probiotics group(P<0.05),whereas the expression levels of myosin heavy chainⅡb(MyHCⅡb)in the BF muscle and myostatin(MSTN)in the BF and PM muscles were downregulated in the probiotics group(P<0.05);the expression levels of Myf6,myogenic differentiation factor,and MyoG in the BF muscle and Myf5 and MyoG in the PM muscle were upregulated in the synbiotics group(P<0.05),whereas those of MSTN in the BF muscle were downregulated(P<0.05);the expression levels of MyHCⅡx in the BF muscle were downregulated in the probiotics and synbiotics groups(P<0.05);the expression levels of MyHCⅡx in the PM muscle were upregulated whereas MyHCⅠin the BF muscle and MyHCⅡa in the PM muscle were downregulated in the antibiotic group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Maternal addition with probiotics and synbiotics could alter muscular amino acids composition,regulate the expression of genes related to growth factors,upregulate oxidative muscle fiber gene expression,and downregulate glycolytic muscle fiber gene expression,which were beneficial to improving the meat quality of offspring.