基于双层优化的多目标覆盖星座优化设计

Satellite Constellation Design for Multi-objective Coverage Based on Double-layer Optimization

针对通信卫星对多个地面目标的连续覆盖问题,合理的星座构型设计方案可在满足覆盖约束的条件下降低星座部署成本。在传统的星座设计方案中,较多的分散地面目标容易导致优化结果出现局部最优的情况。因此,为避免这种情况,提出了一种基于“上层+下层”两级优化的多目标覆盖卫星星座优化设计方案。首先,在上层采用聚类算法将目标地点合理分组,并使用多目标粒子群算法优化分配给各组目标地点的星下点轨迹,在星座设计之初尽可能地提高卫星对地面目标的覆盖率。随后,下层采用0-1规划算法生成最优星座构型编码,以卫星数量最少为优化指标设计全天通信覆盖的卫星星座构型。仿真结果表明,该优化方案在满足一重连续覆盖要求的前提下,能够提高星座内单颗卫星对目标地点的覆盖能力,减少卫星数量,降低星座部署成本。

Addressing the issue of continuous coverage of dispersed ground targets by communication satellites,a well-planned constellation configuration of satellites can minimize constellation deployment costs while guaranteeing communication coverage constraints.In traditional constellation design schemes,the existence of numerous scattered ground targets frequently results in suboptimal outcomes.To alleviate this situation,a two-level optimization approach based on“inner layer+outer layer”for the multi-objective coverage satellite constellation optimization design is proposed.Firstly,in the inner layer,a clustering algorithm is utilized to cluster target locations rationally,and a multiobjective particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize the trajectories assigned to each group of target locations,with the aim of maximizing the coverage of ground targets by satellites in the early stage of constellation design.Subsequently,in the outer layer,a 0-1 programming algorithm is implemented to generate the optimal constellation configuration code with the minimization of the number of satellites as the optimization criterion for designing a satellite constellation configuration that achieves continuous communication coverage throughout the day.Simulation results show that this optimization scheme,under the prerequisite of fulfilling the requirement for single-layer continuous coverage,can enhance the coverage capability of individual satellites for target locations within the constellation,reduce the number of satellites,and thereby decrease the constellation deployment costs.