试论西汉列侯的殓葬

On the Encoffinment of Feudal Marquises in the Western Han Dynasty

殓葬是古代丧葬制度与礼俗中的重要组成内容,西汉时期,列侯与夫人作为具有相对较高等级的人员,去世后的殓葬也有其内容和特点。玉殓葬得到普遍应用且形式较为多样,但不同时期、不同列侯之间既有共性,也有差别;衣物或织物殓葬、其他质地或种类的器物殓葬也较多见,而这些物质内容均与墓主尸身一起置于盛放尸身的棺内,这也与陪葬品形成了明显区分。西汉列侯及其夫人的殓葬存在相应制度,并在制度和要求中反映出有关殓葬的礼仪与程序,同时又是进行尸身保护、辅助灵魂升仙等丧葬需求的较好体现,促进了丧与葬在多个层面的完美结合,而西汉列侯殓葬对于社会内容的反映,也是研究汉代列侯发展的重要参考之一。

Encoffinment is an important component of the ancient burial systems and customs.During the Western Han Dynasty,the encoffinment of feudal marquises and their wives,who had relatively high rank,had its own contents and characteristics.Encoffining jade was widely used and of various forms.However,in different periods,there were both similarities and differences among different feudal marquises.Encoffining clothing,fabric and other kinds of objects were also relatively common.They were placed together with the tomb owner’s body in the coffin,distinguishing them from other burial objects.There were specific systems for the encoffinment of feudal marquises and their wives in the Western Han Dynasty.These practices reflect encoffinment etiquette and procedures and embodied burial needs such as protecting the body and assisting the soul in ascending to immortality.This promotes the perfect combination of funeral and burial on multiple levels.The encoffinment of feudal marquises in the Western Han Dynasty reflects the social content and is also an important reference for studying the development of feudal marquises in the Han dynasty.