吴挺归蜀与南宋中期四川的边备调整

Wu Ting’s Return to Sichuan and the Adjustment of Sichuan Border Defense in the Middle of the Southern Song Dynasty

淳熙元年(1174年),在孝宗践履恢复的战略规划下,吴氏家族第二代领军人物吴挺回归四川,出任兴州都统制。此后数年间,针对蜀口防务,宋廷集中进行了一系列调整。孝宗一方面为吴挺建节、废罢四川宣抚司、予其军中人事与财权、令兼利州西路安抚使,示以极大的倚信,“放权”意味明显;另一方面,关外四州守臣的文官化、兴州屯驻大军建制改革、凤州防务划归兴元都统司等边备措置,又都或隐或显体现出防范吴挺的意味。这些紧密围绕于同一时间节点又明显自相矛盾的举措,深刻反映出南宋君主对于吴氏世将“既用且防”的矛盾心态,并对南宋后期蜀口防御体系的边防效能造成了不同程度的影响。

In 1174,due to the restoration strategy implemented by Emperor Xiaozong,Wu Ting,the second-generation leader of the Wu family,returned to Sichuan and was appointed as the commander of Xingzhou.In the following years,the Southern Song Dynasty made a series of defensive adjustments for Shukou.On the one hand,Emperor Xiaozong granted Wu Ting the title of Jiedushi,abolished the Sichuan Xuanfu Department,granted him personnel and financial power in the army,and appointed him the military commissioner of Lizhou West,demonstrating great trust and“delegation of power”;On the other hand,the precautionary measures such as appointing officials to oversee the Outer Four Prefectures,reforming Xingzhou army,and transfering Fengzhou defense to the Xingyuan Commander in Chief,which showed a desire to keep Wu Ting on guard.These actions reflect the contradictory mentality of the Southern Song Dynasty monarch towards generals from Wu clan:a strategy of“utilization while monitoring”.This has impacted the border defense of the Shukou defense system in the later period of the Southern Song Dynasty.