大前庭水管综合征患儿听力损失进展影响因素分析

The Analysis of Influencing Factors of Progressive Hearing Loss in Children with Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome

目的探讨大前庭水管综合征(large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS)患儿听力损失进展的影响因素,为识别进行性听力损失高风险患儿及其听力监测建议提供依据。方法研究对象为2017年1月至2023年1月确诊为LVAS的49例(95耳)患儿,所有受试者均接受两次及以上听力测试,根据听力进展情况分为稳定组(55耳)和进展组(40耳)。通过单因素和多因素Cox回归分析,确定听力进展的影响因素,分析变量包括:年龄,性别,耳别,初次和末次0.5~4.0 kHz各频率听阈及平均听阈,前庭水管中点、外口、不完全分隔Ⅱ型(incomplete partition type 2,IP-Ⅱ)以及SLC26A4基因型(A型:c.919-2A>G纯合突变,B型:含c.919-2A>G复合杂合或杂合突变,C型:不含c.919-2A>G突变位点,D型:未行基因检测)。筛选变量通过Kaplan-Meier生存分析进一步验证。结果初次平均听阈每降低1 dB,听力损失进展发生风险增加7.03%(P=0.02)。伴与不伴IP-Ⅱ耳蜗畸形患儿听力损失进展的风险比为5.11(95%CI为1.81~14.45,P=0.002),基因型C型与A型的风险比为6.13(95%CI为2.07~18.13,P=0.001)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示这3项因素均具有统计学意义。结论0.5~4 kHz初次平均听阈低、伴IP-Ⅱ耳蜗畸形和不含c.919-2A>G突变位点是LVAS患儿听力损失进展的影响因素,具有这些进行性听力损失高风险的LVAS患儿建议缩短听力监测周期。

Objective To study the prognostic factors of progressive hearing loss among children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome(LVAS).Methods The clinical data of 49 children(95 ears)with LVAS who received at least two hearing tests from January 2017 to January 2023 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and they were divided into two groups according to the progression of hearing loss:the stable group(55 ears)and the progressive group(40 ears).The effects for progressive hearing loss of initial age,gender,laterality,imaging features,audiometric data,and incomplete partition typeⅡ(IP-Ⅱ)and SLC26A4(type A,B,C,D)genotypes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.The potential prognostic factors were further verified by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results Each dB decrease in the initial average hearing threshold increased the expected hazard by 7.03%(P=0.02).Incomplete partition typeⅡ(IP-Ⅱ)was associated with 5.11 hazard ratio(95%CI,1.81 to 14.45,P=0.002).Genotype C was associated with 6.13 hazard ratio for progressive hearing loss(95%CI,2.07 to 18.13,P=0.001).Conclusion The initial average hearing threshold,IP-II,and SLC26A4 genotype C were significant effect factors of progressive hearing loss in patients with LVAS.This could predict the progression of hearing loss in children with LVAS and help identify patients at high risk for progressive hearing loss.