台湾地区村里组织的架构及运行

The Structure and Operation of Village Organizations in Taiwan region

台湾地区村、里组织作为基层治理的重要主体,尽管在不同的历史阶段形成不同的组织形式,但都源于保甲制度,逐渐形成村里长、邻长及志愿班队构成的组织架构。村、里的资源主要来自台湾地区当局公权力部门的补助。村、里长由村里居民直接投票选举产生,邻长由村里长任命。组织成员按照例行要求或项目内容而行动,公权力部门、组织成员及村里民根据选举制度和主体间关系监督村、里组织的行为。然而,长期受政党恶斗的影响,村里存在组织派系化、治理手段陈旧、民生福祉建设和发展可持续性不足等问题。因此,深化两岸融合发展,村里、社区需加强基层社区的交流合作,推进组织再造,提升组织治理效能,夯实祖国统一的社会基础。

Village and neighborhood organizations in Taiwan region are important entities in grassroots governance.Although they formed different organizational forms at different historical stages,they all originated from the Baojia system and eventually gradually formed an organizational structure composed of village chiefs,neighborhood chiefs and volunteer squads.Village and neighborhood organizations'resources mainly come from public sector subsidies.Village chiefs are directly elected by village residents through direct voting,while neighborhood chiefs are appointed by village chiefs and volunteers join in voluntarily.Village organizations mainly carry out routine or project-based actions.Public departments,organization members and villagers supervise the actions of village and neighborhood organizations based on the electoral system and inter-subject relationships.However,due to the long-term influence of vicious political parties,the village has problems such as organizational factionalization,outdated governance methods,insuficient improvement of people's livelihood and well-being,and insufficient sustainability of development.Therefore,to deepen cross-Straits integrated development,villages and communities need to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with grassroots communities,promote organizational restructuring,improve organizational governance efficiency,and consolidate the social foundation for the reunification of the motherland.