不同采收期和种植地貌青蒿的品质分析

Quality Analysis of Artemisia annua at Different Harvesting Periods and Planting Terrains

目的:比较不同采收期喀斯特山地和传统平地上种植青蒿的表型特征和有效成分含量变化,确定青蒿的最适种植环境及最佳采收期。方法:采用直接测量法、高效液相色谱法和比色法,分别测定2种地貌上种植的5个采收日期青蒿的表型特征,以及青蒿素、青蒿酸、总黄酮和总多酚含量。结果:同一采收日期,在喀斯特山地上种植的青蒿呈全株矮且宽、根系稀疏且为浅根系的生长状态,而在传统平地种植的青蒿呈枝繁叶茂、株高茎壮、根系茂密且为深根系的生长状态;传统平地种植的青蒿总黄酮、总多酚、青蒿素、青蒿酸含量高于喀斯特山地种植的青蒿。喀斯特山地和传统平地上种植青蒿的总黄酮、青蒿素、青蒿酸含量均在7月末最高,总多酚含量的变化趋势与青蒿表型特征的变化趋势相似。结论:传统平地上种植的青蒿表型特征及青蒿素等成分含量的最高值均优于喀斯特山地上种植的青蒿,7月下旬为青蒿的最佳采收期。

Objective:To compare the phenotypic characteristics and changes of the active components content in Artemisia annua planted in karst mountain areas and traditional flatlands at different harvest periods,in order to determine the most suitable cultivation environment and the optimal harvest time for A.annua.Methods:Direct measurement methods,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and colorimetric methods were employed to measure the phenotypic characteristics,as well as the content of artemisinin,artemisinic acid,total flavonoids,and total polyphenols,in A.annua planted in two different terrains over five harvest periods.Results:At the same harvest period,A.annua planted in karst mountain areas exhibited a growth pattern characterized by short and wide plants with sparse,shallow root systems.In contrast,A.annua grown in traditional flatlands showed vigorous growth with dense branches and leaves,tall and strong stems,and deep,dense root systems.The content of total flavonoids,total polyphenols,artemisinin,and artemisinic acid in A.annua grown in traditional flatlands was higher than that of plants grown in karst mountain areas.The content of total flavonoids,artemisinin,and artemisinic acid in A.annua planted in both terrains peaked at the end of July,while the trend in total polyphenol content mirrored the changes in the plant's phenotypic characteristics.Conclusion:The phenotypic characteristics and the highest content values of artemisinin and other components in A.annua planted in traditional flatlands were superior to those in plants grown in karst mountain areas.Late July is the optimal harvest time for A.annua.