脑机接口在脊髓损伤患者上肢功能康复中的研究进展

The development of brain-computer interface in the functional rehabilitation of upper limb in spinal cord injury patients

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)可能会导致四肢瘫的发生,上肢功能的缺失会严重影响患者生活的独立性,故恢复上肢功能是脊髓损伤患者最迫切的需求。脑机接口(brain computer interface,BCI)技术可以通过采集患者大脑活动信号,分析患者运动意图,将其转化为计算机可执行的命令,控制外部设备以改善患者运动功能,提升日常生活能力。作为一种新型交互技术,该技术的产生和发展有望恢复脊髓损伤患者的运动功能障碍,重复使用脑机接口进行康复训练能够促进神经功能重塑,对于脊髓损伤患者上肢功能和ADL能力恢复具有十分重要的价值。近年来脑机接口技术不断发展,本文根据既往研究,对脑机接口技术的构成与分类进行概述,并对其在脊髓损伤上肢功能康复领域的应用进行了归纳分析,总结了脑机接口对脊髓损伤患者功能改善的作用机制,提出目前技术发展和临床应用方面存在的主要问题,以期为推动技术的进一步发展提供参考。

Spinal cord injury(SCI)may lead to the occurrence of quadriplegia,and the loss of upper limb function will seriously affect the independence of life of patients,so the restoration of upper limb function is the most urgent need of patients with SCI.Brain computer interface(BCI)technology can collect the brain activity signals of patients,analyze the motor intention of patients,convert them into commands that can be executed by computers,and control external devices to improve the motor function of patients and enhance their daily life ability.As a new interactive technology,the emergence and development of this technology is expected to restore the motor dysfunction of patients with spinal cord injury.The repeated use of brain-computer interface for rehabilitation training can promote the remodeling of nerve function,which is of great value for the recovery of upper limb function and ADL ability of patients with spinal cord injury.In recent years,brain-computer interface technology has been developing continuously.Based on previous studies,this paper summarizes the composition and classification of brain-computer interface technology,summarizes its application in the field of functional rehabilitation of upper limbs with spinal cord injury,summarizes the relevant mechanism of action of brain-computer interface on functional improvement of patients with spinal cord injury,and points out the main problems in current technology development and clinical application.Promote the further development of technology.