ICU患者压力性损伤风险预测模型的研究进展

Advances in pressure injury risk prediction models for ICU patients

压力性损伤是ICU住院患者中最常见的不良事件之一。通过预测压力性损伤的风险并提供针对性的干预措施,可以有效改善临床结局。本文对压力性损伤风险预测模型的构建方法、验证方法及危险因素进行比较,不同研究根据目标人群的具体特征和临床需求,选择性地纳入不同的危险因素;回顾性研究虽快捷但可能存在数据完整性问题,而前瞻性研究虽能更准确地验证模型有效性,但耗时长且成本高,两者各有优劣需权衡选择。建议未来在模型构建策略上不仅要有模型的内部验证方法,还应进行多中心、具有代表性的群体的外部验证,以检验在不同条件下模型的适用性和准确性。此外,在模型更新和优化过程中,还应纳入新的危险因素,以提高精确度和实用性;收集临床反馈和新的研究数据,对模型进行必要的调整,定期评估模型的表现。

Pressure injuries are one of the most common adverse events in ICU hospitalized patients.Clinical outcomes can be improved by predicting the risk of pressure injury and providing targeted interventions.This article compares the construction methods,validation methods and risk factors of pressure injury risk prediction models,and selectively includes different risk factors according to the specific characteristics and clinical needs of the target population.Retrospective studies are quick but may have data integrity issues,while prospective studies can more accurately verify the effectiveness of the model,but they are time-consuming and costly.It is suggested that in the future,not only the internal verification method of the model should be used,but also the external verification of a multi-center and representative group should be carried out to test the applicability and accuracy of the model under different conditions.In addition,new risk factors should be included in the process of model update and optimization to improve accuracy and practicability.Collect clinical feedback and new research data,make necessary adjustments to the model,and regularly evaluate the performance of the model.