新型农业经营主体能否有效促进粮食产量提升?——来自中国农业企业的证据

Can the New Agricultural Business Entities Promote Grain Yield Improvement?--Evidence from Chinese Agricultural Enterprises

以农业企业为代表的新型农业经营主体是农业现代化的重要推动者,但其生产经营活动究竟是挤占粮食生产资源,还是推动粮食产能提升尚未可知。本文利用2010−2019年地市层面的新增农业企业数量表达区域农业企业发展程度,构建双向固定效应模型检验其对粮食产量的影响。结果表明:(1)农业企业发展可显著促进粮食产量提升;(2)农业企业的增产机制是推动地区规模化种植和机械化生产,由此改善资源利用方式、提升农业生产效率;(3)农业企业的增产效能随区域资源禀赋不同表现出明显的异质性,具体来说,农业企业在短期内能够对自然资源禀赋更优渥的粮食主产区起到增产作用,但其对非粮食主产区的增产效应需要长期经营才能显现;人力资源的丰裕度对农业企业发挥增产效能至关重要,丰裕度高的地区农业企业的增产效应更强;(4)在政府创造的营商环境更佳的地区,即地区固定资产投资水平越高或者公共支出占GDP比重越大的地区,农业企业的增产效能更高。为切实发挥农业企业在促进粮食安全中的重要作用,需要结合有效市场与有为政府,在充分保障资源供给的基础上营造良好营商环境。

New agricultural business entities,represented by agricultural enterprises,are important drivers of agricultural modernization.However,it remains uncertain whether their production and operational activities are encroaching on food production resources or promoting grain yield improvement.This study utilizes the number of newly established agricultural enterprises at the municipal level from 2010 to 2019 to measure the degree of agricultural enterprise development in different regions.Subsequently,a two-way fixed effects model is constructed to examine their impact on grain yield.The results are as follows:1)The agricultural enterprises significantly promote grain yield improvement.2)The mechanism through which agricultural enterprises enhance production involves promoting largescale cultivation and mechanized production,thereby improving resource utilization and enhancing agricultural productivity.3)The effectiveness of agricultural enterprises in increasing yield exhibits noticeable heterogeneity with regard to regional resource endowments.Specifically,agricultural enterprises can enhance yields in grain-producing regions with favorable natural resource endowments in the short term.However,the yield-enhancing effects of agricultural enterprises in non-grain-producing regions become apparent after long-term operations.The abundance of human resources is crucial for agricultural enterprises to realize their yield-enhancing potential,with regions having a higher abundance of human resources exhibiting stronger effects from agricultural enterprises.4)In regions with a more favorable business environment created by the government,characterized by higher levels of fixed asset investment or a larger proportion of public expenditure relative to GDP,the yield-enhancing effects of agricultural enterprises are greater.To effectively maximize the important contribution of agricultural enterprises in promoting food security,it is necessary to create a favorable business environment alongside effective markets and proactive government while ensuring an adequate supply of resources.