农村最低生活保障制度对脱贫户儿童营养健康状况的影响研究

Study on the Effect of the Rural Subsistence Allowance System on the Nutrition and Health Status of Children in Poverty-Alleviated Households

低保作为农村福利体系最基础的环节,其减贫效应被学界广泛关注,但低保对脱贫户儿童营养健康状况的影响却常被忽视。从消费行为理论视角出发,构建理论模型讨论低保对脱贫户儿童营养健康状况的影响。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010−2014年三期数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和中介模型分析低保对儿童营养健康状况的影响及作用机制。研究发现:①低保可以改善儿童的短期营养,不会影响儿童长期营养和健康结果;②儿童健康食品摄入得分对儿童短期营养状况的中介效应不显著,摄入过量则不健康食品得分在低保对儿童的短期营养状况的影响中产生遮掩效应;家庭食品支出起部分中介作用;③从流动性约束强度差异来看,低保对儿童短期营养状况的改善强度随脱贫户面临的流动性约束增强而减弱。由此可见,我国的低保制度仍有待完善,还需积极探索适合中国国情的有条件的现金转移支付模式,建立健全具有中国特色的转移支付体系。

As the most fundamental component of the rural welfare system,the poverty alleviation effect of the subsistence allowance has received widespread attention in academia,but the impact of the subsistence allowance on the nutrition and health status of children in poverty-alleviated households is often overlooked.From the perspective of consumer behavior theory,this paper constructs a theoretical model to discuss the impact of subsistence allowances on the nutrition and health status of children from poverty-alleviated households.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)spanning three periods from 2010 to 2014,the study employs propensity score matching(PSM)and intermediary model to analyze the impact of subsistence allowances on children’s nutrition and health status and the underlying mechanisms.The research findings indicate that the subsistence allowance can improve the short-term nutrition of children,but does not affect their long-term nutrition and health outcomes.The mediating effect of the healthy food intake score on the short-term nutritional status was not significant,while excessive intake of unhealthy foods creates a masking effect in the relationship between the subsistence allowance system and children’s short-term nutritional status.Household food expenditure plays a partial mediating role.Regarding differences in the intensity of liquidity constraint,the improvement in children’s short-term nutrition status due to subsistence allowance weakens as the liquidity constraints faced by poverty-alleviated households increase.Therefore,it is evident that China’s subsistence allowance system still requires improvement,and it is necessary to actively explore a conditional cash transfer payment model suitable for China’s national conditions,as well as to establish and improve a transfer payment system with Chinese characteristics.