功能视角下附条件不起诉的检视与回归

On the Examination and Development of Conditional Non-Prosecution:A Functional Perspective

附条件不起诉的制度功能主要体现在出罪、矫正、修复、惩罚与教育。当前司法实践中制度的适用在很大程度上缘于考评驱动,制度内驱力不足。检察机关主导的监督考察程序存在附加条件针对性欠佳、社会参与实质性不足、被害人意见发表不充分、矫正效果不理想等问题。立法对制度适用范围限制过甚,造成附条件不起诉与酌定不起诉适用范围的竞合,参与监督考察各方对制度功能定位认识不统一,导致考察效果受限。基于功能回归视角,宜取消制度适用对象与案件范围的限制,将制度适用的刑罚要件确定为3年有期徒刑以下宣告刑,厘清附条件不起诉与酌定不起诉的适用逻辑,完善监督考察机制。

The intended functions of conditional non-prosecution are mainly reflected in the aspects of decriminalization,rectification,restoration,punishment and indoctrination.In current practice,the application of the mechanism is basically driven by evaluation mechanism of the prosecutor's office,prosecutors normally lack motivation to apply the mechanism.The monitor programs are characterized by insufficient pertinence of the attached conditions,inadequate community participant,deficient in victims'opinions'expression,and limited effect in the rectification of criminal suspects.The primary reason for the mechanism's ineffectiveness lies in the overly restrictive scope of its application by the criminal procedural law,leading to a competition in the application of conditional non-prosecution and discretionary non-prosecution.In addition,parties involved in monitor programs do not share consistent understandings of the mechanism's functions.It would be appropriate to lift the restrictions on age and offences,establish the applicable sentencing criteria as a declared sentence of less than three years of imprisonment,clarifying the relationship between conditional non-prosecution and discretionary non-prosecution,and reform the practice of monitor programs.