青少年虐待与忽视对抑郁的影响:自尊和自我表露的作用

Effects of Abuse and Neglect on Depression in Adolescents: The Roles of Self-esteem and Self-disclosure

虐待和忽视遭遇会诱发或加剧青少年的抑郁问题。为了明确青少年虐待和忽视对抑郁影响的机制,基于以往理论和实证研究,本研究在虐待和忽视与抑郁之间的关系中,纳入了自尊和自我表露,探讨并比较虐待和忽视通过自尊和自我表露预测抑郁的机制异同。研究采用儿童期创伤问卷、自尊量表、自我表露问卷和儿童抑郁量表对4971名青少年进行了测查,利用结构方程模型进行数据分析。结果发现,虐待和忽视经历既可以直接正向预测抑郁,也可以分别通过自尊和自我表露间接地正向预测抑郁,还可以通过自尊经自我表露的多重中介作用对抑郁发挥间接的正向预测作用。不过,相对于虐待,忽视通过自尊对抑郁的间接效应更强。这些结果说明了,虐待和忽视通过自尊和自我表露预测抑郁的路径机制相同,但强度存在差异。

Childhood abuse and neglect were found to be related to more depression in adolescents. However, the specific mechanism of this relationship was not understood well. In light of the previous theoretical and empirical studies, this study inserted self-esteem and self-disclosure between abuse and neglect and depression, in order to examine the underlying mechanism of abuse and neglect to depression and elucidate the difference of mechanism underlying abuse and neglect affecting depression via self-esteem and-disclosure. Four thousand nine hundred and seventy-one adolescents were investigated by using the self-reported childhood trauma, self-esteem, self-disclosure, and depression questionnaires, and the structure equation model was used to carry out the data analysis. The results found that both the abuse and neglect had direct significant and positive effect on depression, had indirect significant and positive effect on depression via self-esteem and self-disclosure, respectively. Moreover, both abuse and neglect had a multiple indirect and positive effect on depression via the path from self-esteem to self-disclosure. However, the indirect effect of neglect on depression was stronger than that of abuse on depression. These findings suggested that the mechanism underlying abuse and neglect affecting depression was similar but not was in the effect size.