近十年对抗性项目运动员感知运动行为优势特征的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospects on the Superior Perceptual-Motor Behaviors of Athletes in Competitive Sports Over the Past Decade

感知并预判对手动作以做出应对决策是对抗性项目运动员执行动作反应的基础。采用系统综述方法,梳理近十年关于对抗性项目运动员感知运动行为的研究,从感知、预判和决策3个阶段概述运动员专项与非专项感知运动行为的特征及其认知神经机制。发现:运动员在感知和预判阶段通过投入更多认知资源以获取关键视觉线索和处理冲突情境,在决策阶段通过激活内部模型完成自动化决策,体现了较高的神经效率,反映了运动员感知运动行为全过程的不同脑神经活动特征。随着认知神经科学、计算机和可穿戴设备等新兴技术的发展,未来研究可利用机器学习和大数据模型等算法模拟和预测运动行为,揭示运动训练对人脑的可塑性规律,提升研究成果的解释力。

Perceiving and anticipating opponents'actions to make responsive decisions is fundamental for athletes in combat sports.This study employs a systematic review method to summarize the research on the perceptualmotor behavior of athletes in combat sports over the past decade.It outlines the characteristics and cognitive neural mechanisms of specialized and non-specialized perceptual-motor behaviors in athletes across three stages:perception,anticipation,and decision-making.The study finds that athletes invest more cognitive resources during the perception and anticipation stages to acquire key visual cues and handle conflicting situations.In the decision-making stage,they activate internal models to complete automated decisions,demonstrating a higher neural efficiency and different brain activity characteristics throughout the perceptual-motor process.With the advancement of emerging technologies such as cognitive neuroscience,computing,and wearable devices,future research can use machine learning and big data models to simulate and predict athletic behaviors,reveal the plasticity of the brain in response to sports training,and enhance the explanatory power of research findings.