乒乓球运动员的视觉运动整合优势——基于功能偏侧化理论的EEG证据

Visual-Motor Integration Advantage in Table Tennis Players:EEG Evidence Based on Functional Lateralization Theory

目的探究乒乓球运动员视觉运动整合的优势特征,并基于功能偏侧化理论分析其神经机制。方法选取22名乒乓球运动员作为专家组,21名普通大学生作为新手组。采用半视野速示技术,设置视觉运动整合任务,测试并比较乒乓球运动员与新手视觉运动整合的行为差异及脑电特征。结果(1)乒乓球专家组的右手反应时显著短于新手组(P<0.05);(2)在视觉加工阶段,乒乓球专家组的P1成分潜伏期显著长于新手组,且专家组左半球N2潜伏期显著高于右半球(P<0.05);(3)在视觉运动转换和运动执行阶段,乒乓球专家组诱发了更大的BA6区的negativity波幅和BA4区的N2波幅(P<0.05);(4)在顶-枕区域,乒乓球专家组的高频alpha节律神经振荡水平低于新手组,具体表现为在左视野右手反应模式下高频alpha节律振荡水平较低(P<0.05)。结论(1)乒乓球运动员右手(优势手)的视觉运动反应时更短;(2)乒乓球运动员大脑右半球在早期视觉加工阶段对刺激识别更迅速,在视觉运动转换阶段更直接有效;(3)乒乓球运动员在视觉运动整合过程中表现出更少的注意资源消耗,主要体现在右半球的视觉加工和左半球的动作反应优势上。

Objective To explore the advantages of visual-motor integration in table tennis players,and analyze its neural mechanism based on functional lateralization theory.Methods 22 table tennis players were selected as a group of experts,and 21 general college students were selected as a group of novices.Using the half-visual field tachistoscopic technique,a visual-motor integration task was set up to test and compare the behavioral differences in visual-motor integration and electroencephalographic characteristics between players and novices.Results①The right-hand reaction time of the table tennis experts was significantly shorter than that of the novice group(P<0.05);②In the visual processing stage,the P1 component latency of the players was significantly longer than that of the novice group,and the N2 latency of their left hemisphere was significantly higher than that of the right hemisphere(P<0.05);③In the visual-motor transition and motor execution stages,the players induced greater BA6 negativity wave amplitude and N2 wave amplitude in the BA4 area(P<0.05);④In the parietaloccipital region,the players had lower levels of high-frequency alpha rhythmic neural oscillations than the novice grouphad,which was specifically reflected in the low level of high-frequency alpha rhythmic oscillations in the right-handed response mode of the left visual field(P<0.05).Conclusions①The visual-motor reaction time of right-handed table tennis players was shorter;②The right hemisphere of table tennis players can recognize stimuli more quickly in the early visual processing stage and more directly and effectively in the visual motor transition stage;③The expertise effect of table tennis players on the visual-motor integration function is mainly reflected in the visual processing of the right hemisphere and the reaction advantage of the left hemisphere.