足球运动员个体与共享情境意识的特点及其关系

Characteristics and Relationships Between Individual and Shared Situation Awareness of Football Players

系统测量不同水平足球运动员个体情境意识(situation awareness,SA)的三层级(感知、理解、预测),并结合访谈法测评高水平足球队运动员之间及其与教练员之间的共享SA,考查足球运动中个体SA、共享SA和决策SA的特点及关系。发现:(1)高水平球员个体SA各层级和决策的水平均高于低水平球员,但高水平球员SA各层级之间及其与决策的表现均无显著相关;低水平球员个体SA的感知、理解、预测各层级的表现存在正相关,且与决策表现相关。(2)高水平球员之间及球员与教练员之间存在共享SA,且与个体SA的预测层级相关。认为:SA的各成分均能区分足球运动员的水平,高水平球员的SA可能更具有非线性以及个人特点,且个体对情境的预测有助于团体形成共享SA。

This study systematically measured the three levels(perception,comprehension and projection)of individual situation awareness(SA)of football players at different levels,and combined with the interview method to assess the SA shared between high-level football players and between coaches,so as to examine the characteristics and relationships between individual SA,shared SA and decision-making in football.The results showed that:①the level of individual SA levels and decision-making of high-level football players were higher than that of low-level football players,but no significant correlation was found between SA levels and decisionmaking performance of high-level football players and there is a positive correlation between perception,comprehension and projection of individual SA in low-level football players,also related to decision-making performance.②SA sharing exists among high-level football players and between players and coaches,and is related to the predicted level of individual SA.The results indicate that all components of SA can distinguish the level of football players,the SA of high-level football players may be more non-linear with individual characteristics,and the individual prediction of the situation helps the group to form a shared SA.