明代贵州行政区划调整困境及其应对策略

The Dilemma of Administrative Division Adjustment and its Corresponding Strategies in Guizhou during the Ming Dynasty

明朝廷通过“犬牙交错”和“交叉叠合”的行政区划设置迅速稳定新设贵州省局势的同时,也给当地后续管理带来了诸多不便。为理顺当时复杂的管理关系,逐步推动地方改土归流,明代贵州部分官员主张调整不合理的行政区划设置。但行政区划调整涉及各方面的利益分配,对行政区划调整会引发动乱而产生的顾忌及邻省官员和当地土司预期该调整会造成自身利益损害而进行的阻挠,就成了贵州行政区划调整的最大阻碍。为此,只能通过循序渐进和因势利导的方式,逐渐调整省内部分问题突出的行政区划设置。尽管这些问题无法彻底解决,但官员的努力为当地社会发展以及地方制度完善提供了重要保障。

By the administrative division system of"interlocking"and"overlapping",the Ming dynasty quickly stabilized the situation in the newly established Guizhou province,but many inconveniences to the subsequent management of the local area showed up at the same time.In order to streamline the complex management relationships and gradually promote local land reform at that time,some officials in Guizhou advocated adjusting the unreasonable administrative division.From one side,this adjustment involves the distribution of interests,so the central government worried about a possibility of triggering internal strife;from another side,the obstruction of neighboring provincial officials and local chieftains who expected that the adjustment of administrative divisions would cause damage to their own interests.These were the biggest obstacles to the adjustment of administrative divisions in Guizhou.As a result,official could only gradually adjust the inside administrative divisions,which had prominent issues,through a gradual and adaptive approach.Although these administrative division troubles could not be completely resolved in Guizhou during the Ming dynasty,the efforts of officials provided important impetus for the development of local society and the improvement of local systems.