“一带一路”背景下缅甸西甜瓜产业现状及发展对策

Current Status and Development Strategies of Watermelon and Melon Industry in Myanmar under the Belt and Road Initiative

缅甸西甜瓜为中国冬春季西甜瓜市场保供,是缅甸瓜农收入的重要来源,也是中国“一带一路”沿线国家农业合作的代表。缅甸气候适宜高品质西甜瓜种植,和我国气候互补性强,形成错季生产。缅甸西甜瓜种植总成本从4700元·(667 m^(2))^(-1)到7300元·(667 m^(2))^(-1)不等,最高生产总成本仍较中国海南低2700元·(667 m^(2))^(-1)。但中国瓜商瓜农单独进入缅甸从事西甜瓜生产经营风险较大,建议采取边境市场经营交易、委托生产或在缅甸入股有生产种植经验和基础的公司等方式开展生产经营。中缅双方联合推动缅甸西甜瓜产业由引进中国单项的西甜瓜品种、生产技术到整套方法、方案,再到中国西甜瓜产业技术标准过渡,逐渐提高缅甸西甜瓜产业水平。

Myanmar’s watermelon and melon are an important source of income for local farmers and play a crucial role in ensuring the supply for China’s winter and spring melon market.They also represent agricultural cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.Myanmar’s climate is suitable for the cultivation of high-quality watermelon and melon,and it complements China’s climate well,allowing for off-season production.The total cost of planting watermelon and melon in Myanmar ranges from 4700 to 7300 yuan per 667 m^(2),with the highest production cost still being 2700 yuan lower than in Hainan,China.However,for Chinese melon traders and farmers to enter Myanmar and engage in watermelon and melon production independently poses significant risks.It is recommended to adopt strategies such as conducting border market transactions,entrusting production,or investing in companies with production experience and a foundation in Myanmar.Both China and Myanmar should jointly promote the development of the watermelon and melon industry in Myanmar by introducing not just individual melon varieties and production techniques from China,but also a complete set of methods and plans,which would eventually lead to the transition to China’s technical standards in the melon industry,thereby gradually enhancing the level of Myanmar’s watermelon and melon industry.