红颜草莓及其亲本果实香气组分分析

Analysis of Aroma Components in‘Benihoppe’Strawberry and Its Parents

为了揭示草莓品种红颜香气组分的发育规律及遗传特性,为草莓香气育种提供依据。以红颜及其父本幸香、母本章姬为试验材料,测定幼果期、转色期、成熟期及0℃贮藏24 h的果实香气组分。结果显示,3种草莓样品共检测到69种香气组分,包括38种酯,8种醛,10种醇,3种呋喃及酮类,2种酸和8种萜烯。红颜和其父、母本共有香气组分15种,和父本幸香共有香气组分2种,和母本章姬共有香气组分14种,单独检测到香气组分18种,未检测到的香气组分有20种。红颜幼果期和转色期果实的主要香气组分是顺-2-已烯-1-醇、反式-2-己烯醛、正己醛,成熟期和0℃贮藏24 h后的主要香气组分是己酸乙酯。红颜样品与章姬样品聚类距离较近,与幸香样品聚类距离远,可知红颜遗传较多的母本香气组分特性。酯类组分间正相关,未来育种中可将己酸乙酯作为酯香型草莓的重要指标。

In order to find out the development regularity and genetic traits of aroma components in‘Benihoppe’fruit,and provide basis data for strawberry aroma breeding.We chose‘Benihoppe’and its father‘Sachinoka’,its mother‘Akihime’as experimental materials,tested the aroma components of fruits in young period,veraison period,maturation period and storaged in 0℃fridge for 24 h by gas chromatographymass spectrometry determination.The results showed that there were 69 aroma components in 3 strawberry fruits,including 38 esters,8 aldehydes,10 alcohols,3 furans and ketones,2 acids and 8 terpenes.15 aroma components were found in‘Benihoppe’and its parents,2 aroma components were found in‘Benihoppe’and its father‘Sachinoka’,14 aroma components were found in‘Benihoppe’and its mother‘Akihime’,20 aroma components were not found in‘Benihoppe’,and 18 aroma components were found only in‘Benihoppe’.The main aroma components of strawberry fruit in young stage and veraison period are(Z)-2-Hexen-1-ol,(E)-2-Hexenal and Hexanal;the main aroma components of strawberry fruit in maturation stage and 0℃storage for 24 h period is ethyl hexanoate.The clustering results showed that the distances among‘Benihoppe’samples and‘Akihime’samples were closer,and the distances among‘Benihoppe’samples and‘Sachinoka’samples were farther.There is a positive correlation among the ester components,so ethyl hexanoate can be used as an important indicator for ester flavored strawberries breeding in future.