间作槟榔调控咖啡根际微生物群落结构及功能促进咖啡植株发育

Intercropping with Areca catechu modulates rhizosphere microbial community structure and function to promote coffee plant development

咖啡是世界上闻名的饮料作物,长期单一化种植导致土壤生物功能退化,影响植株健康生长.间作槟榔是改善咖啡园土壤生物功能的有效措施,但作用机制尚不清楚.本文通过盆栽试验研究了咖啡间作槟榔对根际土壤生物和非生物学性状的影响.结果表明,间作增加了土壤速效养分含量,速效磷和速效钾含量分别显著增加58.24%和70.30%;相对于单作,间作模式改变了根际土壤细菌和真菌群落丰富度,真菌丰富度对种植模式的响应更显著;间作咖啡根际土壤细菌群落拥有更多独有的扩增子序列变异体(Amplicon Sequence Variants,ASV),而真菌独有ASV在间作模式下显著降低;根际土壤细菌和真菌属(如Pedomicrobium,Mycobacterium等)与咖啡植株生长显著相关;与咖啡单作相比,间作模式能够富集根际土壤中与养分循环(如Bradyrhizobium,Trichoderma,Bryobacter)和抑制植物病原菌(如Trichoderma,Penicillium,Streptomyces)相关的微生物群落,促进土壤养分释放和对潜在病原菌的抑制作用,促使植株健康生长.另外,间作模式下咖啡根际土壤能够富集与氮素循环和芳香化合物降解等功能相关的微生物.综上,咖啡间作槟榔可富集有益功能微生物,调控咖啡园土壤微生物群落结构和功能,缓解咖啡连作生物障碍.该研究为生产上应用复合栽培模式,助力咖啡绿色种植提供了理论依据.

Coffee,a renowned beverage crop cultivated worldwide,suffers from soil degradation as a result of long-term monoculture,which adversely affects the healthy growth of coffee plants.Intercropping with Areca catechu has been discovered to be an effective approach to improving soil biological functions in coffee plantations,although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to explore the impact of coffee intercropped with A.catechu on the biotic and abiotic characteristics of rhizosphere soil.The findings revealed that intercropping significantly increased the levels of readily available nutrients,with available phosphorus and potassium levels increasing by 58.24%and 70.30%,respectively,compared to monocropping.Moreover,the intercropping model altered the richness of the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil,with fungal richness exhibiting a more pronounced response.In terms of microbial diversity,the intercropped coffee exhibited a greater number of unique ASVs among rhizosphere soil bacteria,whereas the intercropped model significantly reduced the presence of unique fungal ASVs.This study demonstrated significant associations between bacterial and fungal genera(e.g.,Pedomicrobium and Mycobacterium)in the rhizosphere soil and the growth of coffee plants.Comparative analysis revealed that the intercropping model enriched the rhizosphere soil with microorganisms associated with nutrient cycling(e.g.,Bradyrhizobium,Trichoderma,and Bryobacter)and the suppression of plant pathogens(e.g.,Trichoderma,Penicillium,and Streptomyces)relative to monocropping,thereby facilitating soil nutrient release and inhibiting potential pathogens,which ultimately promote the healthy growth of coffee plants.In addition,the intercropping model promoted the enrichment of microorganisms associated with nitrogen cycling and the degradation of aromatic compounds in the coffee rhizosphere soil.Collectively,the intercropping of coffee with A.catechu enhanced the presence of beneficial functional microorganisms while modulating the structure and functionality of soil microbial communities in coffee plantations,thereby mitigating the adverse effects of continuous monocropping.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for applying composite cultivation approaches to facilitate sustainable and environmentally friendly coffee production.