人工智能伦理教育的“美德”补充:缘起与方略

The “Virtue” Transformation of AI Ethics Education: Origin and Strategies

人工智能人才是数智时代新质人才培养的重要构成,伦理教育是人工智能人才培养的重要环节。受原则主义影响,当前国内外人工智能伦理教育普遍带有浓烈的原则中心色彩,且这一以原则为中心的伦理教育模式已在学生与开发者中造成实践困境。伦理原则的弱实践属性与原则中心教育的弱个人属性是困境产生的直接原因。为此,可构建基于美德伦理的人工智能伦理教育模式,其因强调个人应对道德情境的能力与技巧、关注个人的内在动机与日常生活,能够补正以原则为中心的人工智能伦理教育存在的弱实践属性与弱个人属性不足以应对实践困境。开展人工智能美德培育有赖于宏观、中观和微观贯通的实践方略。宏观层面,应将培育美德作为人工智能伦理教育目标。中观层面,应将美德培育嵌入人工智能技术课程。微观层面,应明确课程美德实践的环节及要求。

Artificial intelligence talents are an important component of the new quality talent training in the digital age,and ethical education is an important part of the training of artificial intelligence talents.Influenced by principleism,current AI ethics education at home and abroad generally has a strong principle-centered color,and this principle-centered ethical education model has caused practical dilemmas among students and developers.The weak practical attributes of ethical principles and the weak personal attributes of principle-centered education are the direct causes of the dilemma.To this end,an AI ethics education model based on virtue ethics can be constructed,which emphasizes the ability and skills of individuals to deal with moral situations,and focuses on their intrinsic motivation and daily life.It can compensate for the weak practical and personal attributes of principle-centered AI ethics education,which are insufficient to deal with practical dilemmas.The cultivation of AI virtue depends on a practical strategy that integrates macro,meso,and micro levels.At the macro level,cultivating virtue should be the goal of AI ethics education.At the meso level,virtue cultivation should be embedded in the curriculum of artificial intelligence technology.At the micro level,the links and requirements for the practice of curriculum virtue should be clarified.