制度环境与农民工创业效应研究——基于LMVAR模型分析

Research on the Institutional Environment and the Entrepreneurial Effect of Migrant Workers:An Analysis Based on LMVAR Model

良好的制度环境对创业者提高创业成功率具有重要促进作用。文章利用中国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查(2017)数据,估计制度环境对农民工创业风险的影响。研究发现:农民工创业风险具有地区、行业、个体差异,基本呈现高收入高风险并存特征;控制其他因素影响,正式制度和非正式制度对农民工创业风险具有显著的抑制作用,地区的市场化制度越完善、农民工个人及其家庭的社会网络越发达,农民工的创业风险越低;异质性检验结果显示,当制度环境改善时,务工经历丰富、高技能行业的农民工创业风险会显著下降,非正式制度对于降低非农行业的创业风险作用更大;相对于普通创业者,农民工创业风险偏高,高出普通创业者1.42个点。亟需针对农民工创业特点,进一步优化创业环境,增强创业能力,提升创业效益,更好地激发他们在新型城镇化和乡村振兴中的动力和活力。

A good institutional environment has an important role of promotion for entrepreneurs raising entre⁃preneurial rate of success.This paper uses the data of the dynamic monitoring survey of the floating population in China(2017)to estimate the impact of the institutional environment on the entrepreneurial risk of migrant workers.The analysis results show that the entrepreneurial risk of migrant workers have regional,industry and individual dif⁃ferences,and basically present the characteristics of high income and high risk coexisting.Controlling the influence of other factors,the formal institutional environment and informal system have a significant impact of inhibition on the entrepreneurial risk of migrant workers.The more perfect the regional market-oriented system,and the more so⁃cial contacts between migrant workers and their families,the lower the entrepreneurial risk of migrant workers.The heterogeneity test results show that when the institutional environment is improved,the entrepreneurial risk of mi⁃grant workers with mobility experience and in high-skilled industries declines sharply,and informal systems play a greater role in reducing the entrepreneurial risk in non-agricultural industries;compared with ordinary entrepre⁃neurs,the risk entrepreneurial of migrant workers is relatively high,which is 1.42 points higher than that of ordinary entrepreneurs.It is urgent to further optimize the entrepreneurial environment,enhance their entrepreneurial ability,improve the entrepreneurial benefits,and better stimulate their motivation and vitality in the new urbanization and rural revitalization specially according to the characteristics of migrant workers’entrepreneurship.