中小断面水工隧洞光面爆破开挖动态精细设计方法研究

Study on Dynamical Precision Design Method of Smooth Blasting Excavation of Small to Medium Cross-Section Hydraulic Tunnel

为规范爆破方案设计、寻求高效建造技术,从而提高炮孔利用率、增大循环进尺、保证爆破效果和过程安全,以体形系数小、岩石钳制作用大的Ⅱ~Ⅲ级围岩中小断面水工隧洞为研究对象,在考虑爆破过程对隧洞自身和周围环境影响的基础上,基于“能量-影响-控制-设计-评价”的系统方法(简称“EICDE”法),首先梳理分析了爆破开挖全过程的物质能量、环境作用、控制对象、设计要素、设计准则和效果评价等内容。然后结合建造方法并运用PDCA循环管理法建立了其动态精细设计方法框架,形成了从设计到建造、评价、改进的动态精细设计方法。最后通过工程实例验证该设计方法的科学性和可行性。研究结果表明:采用该设计方法可保证爆破效果和过程安全,亦可为中小断面水工隧洞光面爆破开挖方案设计和高效建造提供参考和借鉴。

In order to standardize blasting scheme design and seek efficient construction technologies,thereby improving borehole utilization,increasing cycle advance,and ensuring blasting effectiveness and safety,this study focuses on small to medium cross-section hydraulic tunnels in Class II to III surrounding rock,characterized by a small shape coefficients and strong rock confinement.Based on the"Energy-Impact-Control-Design-Evaluation"system method(abbreviated as"EICDE"method),and considering the impact of the blasting process on the tunnel itself and the surrounding environment,the study first systematically analyzes the material energy,environmental effects,control targets,design elements,design criteria,and effectiveness evaluation throughout the entire blasting excavation process.Then,by integrating construction methods and applying the PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Act)cycle management approach,a dynamic and refined design framework is established,forming a dynamic and detailed design method from design to construction,evaluation,and improvement.Finally,the scientific validity and feasibility of this design method are verified through an engineering case study.The research results indicate that the use of this design method can ensure blasting effectiveness and process safety,and it can provide reference for the design of smooth blasting excavation schemes and efficient construction of small to medium crosssection hydraulic tunnels.