基于磷酸二氢铵-氯化钾的新型氮磷钾水溶肥制备工艺及氯含量调控研究

Research on the preparation process of new nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizers and chlorine content control based on ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/potassium chloride

农业绿色高质量发展对农业肥料的品质提出了更高要求,其中新型水溶肥的开发受到了极大关注。本文以磷酸二氢铵和工业氯化钾为原料,通过复分解工艺,制备了新型氮磷钾水溶肥,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段,考察了原料质量比、原料添加量、反应温度以及搅拌速度等因素对氮磷钾水溶肥中的氯含量及产率的影响。结果表明:原料质量比对氮磷钾水溶肥的制备具有决定性影响;在原料质量比为1∶1、NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)和KCl添加量均为20 g、反应温度为80℃、搅拌速度为500 r/min时制备的氮磷钾水溶肥中氯含量最低,产率最高,产物组分主要是K_(0.37)(NH_(4))_(0.63)H_(2)PO_(4)。研究成果可为我国高效、环保新型肥料的研发提供参考。

The green and high quality development of agriculture puts forward higher requirements for the quality of agricultural fertilizers,and the development of new water-soluble fertilizers has received great attention.In this paper,a new type of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer was prepared by double decomposition process using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and industrial potassium chloride as raw materials.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and other methods were used to investigate the effects of factors such as raw material mass ratio,raw material addition amount,reaction temperature and stirring speed on the chlorine content and yield of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer.The results show that raw materials mass ratio have a decisive influence on the preparation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer.When the mass ratio of raw materials is 1∶1,the addition amount of NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4) and KCl is 20 g,the reaction temperature is 80 ℃,and the stirring speed is 500 r/min,the chlorine content in the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is the lowest,and the yield is the highest.The product component is mainly K_(0.37)(NH_(4))_(0.63) H_(2)PO_(4).The research results can provide reference for the research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly new fertilizers in China.