典型化学制品企业OVOCs排放特征及环境影响

Emission characteristics and environmental impact of OVOCs in typical chemical product enterprises

为充分了解化学制品行业挥发性含氧有机物(OVOCs)排放情况和环境影响,以16家典型化学制品企业为研究对象,同时采用气相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法等检测方法识别化学制品企业排放的OVOCs,研究企业OVOCs排放特征及产生的臭氧和恶臭污染影响.结果表明,16家企业共检出128种OVOCs,涵盖了酯类、醇类、醛类、酮类、呋喃类、酸类、醚类等物种,OVOCs总浓度范围为0.29~200.83mg·m^(-3).16家企业OVOCs的臭氧生产潜势(OFP)相差较大,OFP范围为0.22~188.47 mg·m^(-3),整体来看,醇类、酯类和醛类对OFP的贡献较高,但不同企业主要贡献物质存在差异.化学制品企业OVOCs恶臭物质组成复杂,16家企业差异较大,日化-A、日化-C、日化-G、涂料-A和肥料-A等5家企业气味活度值(OAV)总和在1000以上,恶臭污染潜在风险较大,主要恶臭物质分别为甲基叔丁基醚、戊酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、丁醛和异丁醛.研究显示,OVOCs是化学制品企业主要的VOCs物种,会产生一定的臭氧和恶臭污染影响,是需要重点关注的一类VOCs物质,建议加强对OVOCs物质的全面检测和深入研究.

In order to understand emissions and environmental impacts of the oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)in chemical products industry,16 representative chemical enterprises were selected.The analysis methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography,and gas chromatography were used to analyse OVOCs emitted in the chemical industries.The emission characteristics of OVOCs and their impacts on ozone and odor pollution were studied.A total of 128 OVOCs were detected in the 16 enterprises,including esters,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,furans,acids,and ethers.The total concentration of OVOCs ranged from 0.29 to 200.83 mg·m^(-3).The ozone formation potential(OFP)of OVOCs in these enterprises varied significantly,ranging from 0.22 to 188.47 mg·m^(-3).On the whole,the contribution of alcohols,esters and aldehydes to OFP was higher,but the main contributing substances in different enterprises were different.The compositions of odor substances were complex,showing significant differences among the 16 enterprises.The total odor activity value(OAV)of 5 enterprises was above 1000,including daily chemical enterprise A,daily chemical enterprise C,daily chemical enterprise G,coating enterprise A and fertilizer enterprise A,which means a high potential risk of odor pollution.The main odorants were methyl tert-butyl ether,ethyl valerate,ethyl 2-methylbutyrate,butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde.This study shows that OVOCs are the main VOCs compounds in chemical industries,which could cause ozone and odor pollution effects,and special attention should be paid to.Comprehensive analysis and in-depth research on OVOCs ara suggested.