村镇不同功能区土壤中有机磷酸酯赋存、来源及风险

Occurrence,potential sources and risks of organophosphate esters in soil of different functional areas in town

有机磷酸酯(OPEs)是广泛使用的增塑剂和阻燃剂,其容易释放到环境中,对人类和生态系统造成潜在危害.目前关于环境中OPEs的研究主要集中在水体、大气和沉积物中,对土壤特别是村镇不同功能区土壤中OPEs的研究较少.本研究以上海嘉定马陆镇为研究区域,分别测定了马陆镇工业区、农业区和居民区土壤中12种常见OPEs的含量水平,分析了不同功能区土壤中OPEs的赋存特征,通过主成分分析解析了OPEs的来源,并利用风险熵值法对其可能带来的生态风险进行了评估.结果显示:马陆镇工业区、农业区和居民区土壤中Σ_(12)OPEs含量范围分别为8.75~59.18、9.52~47.51、12.44~49.04 ng·g^(-1),且均以三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)为首要污染物;不同功能区TCEP、磷酸三(丁氧基乙基)酯(TBEP)存在显著污染特征差异;马陆镇土壤中OPEs来源主要有食品包装源、交通活动源、塑料和泡沫类排放源;各功能区土壤OPEs单体风险熵均小于1,表明目前马陆镇土壤中OPEs造成的生态风险较小.本研究为了解我国村镇不同功能区土壤中OPEs的赋存情况和风险评估提供了数据和参考.

Organophosphate esters(OPEs)are widely used plasticizers and flame retardants,which are easily released into the environment and pose potential hazards to humans and ecosystems.Currently,the study of OPEs in the environment mainly focuses on water,air,and sediment,but there are fewer studies on OPEs in soil,especially in different functional areas of town.This study took Malu Town,Jiading,Shanghai as the research area,the content levels of 12 common OPEs in the soils of the industrial,agricultural,and residential areas of Malu Town were determined,and the distribution characteristics of OPEs in soils of different functional areas were analyzed.The sources of OPEs were analyzed through principal component analysis,and the potential ecological risks were evaluated using the risk entropy method.The results showed that the concentrations ofΣ_(12)OPEs in the soils of industrial,agricultural and residential areas in Malu Township were in the ranges of 8.75~59.18 ng·g^(-1),9.52~47.51 ng·g^(-1)and 12.44~49.04 ng·g^(-1),respectively.Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)was identified as the main pollutant.Furthermore,significant differences were observed in the distribution characteristics of TCEP and TBEP in different functional areas.The sources of OPEs in the soil of Malu Town were mainly attributed to food packaging,traffic activities,plastic and foam emissions.The risk entropy analysis indicated that the ecological risk caused by OPEs in the soil of Malu Town was relatively low,with the risk entropy of individual OPEs in each functional area being less than 1.This study provides data and reference for understanding the occurrence and risk of OPEs in soil of different functional areas in towns of China.