极端环境微生物分离策略及其活性物质研究进展

Research progress in isolation strategies and bioactive substances of microorganisms in extreme environments

微生物资源丰富多样,是生物活性物质发现的重要来源,但是随着对微生物次级代谢产物研究的深入,从常规环境中发现新型微生物及新颖活性次级代谢产物变得愈发困难。极端环境微生物由于其独特的生理特性,能够形成独特的代谢途径,因而具有产生高度化学多样性和显著新颖生物活性次级代谢物的巨大潜力。本文就近年来极端环境微生物分离策略及其产生的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等活性物质的研究进展进行综述,为极端微生物资源的开发利用及其相关研究提供参考。

Microbial resources are diverse and abundant,serving as a crucial source for the discovery of bioactive substances.However,as the research on microbial secondary metabolites deepens,discovering new microorganisms and novel bioactive secondary metabolites from conventional environments is becoming increasingly challenging.The microorganisms inhabiting extreme environments have unique physiological characteristics and can develop distinctive metabolic pathways,holding immense potential for producing chemically diverse and novel bioactive secondary metabolites.This article comprehensively overviews the recent advancements in the isolation strategies of microorganisms from extreme environments and the research progress in their bioactive substances,including antimicrobial,anticancer,and antioxidant compounds.This review aims to serve as a reference for the development and utilization and the related studies of the microbial resources in extreme environments.