需求转译:社会工作如何介入信访积案的处置

"Translating Needs":How Social Work Is Involved in Handling Long-Standing Petitioning Cases

本文依据行动者网络理论的转译概念建构起需求转译的工作视角,以之分析社会工作者如何借此成功化解一件历时25年的信访积案。依据需求的系统性与动态性、分层性与实践性及其行动建构性特征,社会工作者相应地通过需求澄清、需求辨识与需求确认三个步骤实施需求转译,使得案主逐渐将行动目标从“获得经济赔偿”转变为“重建生活”,并经多方联席会议的“和解”仪式,放弃无效上访。需求转译可作为专业介入信访积案的关键技术,它要求区分上访者的诉求与需求,注意信访历程本身所生产出的新需求,强调在需求转译中纳入尝试性行动,为相关者构建成功预期,从而强化转译的成果。本文最后总结了需求转译对转译概念的拓展之处。

Based on the method of explanation building and the concept of translation from actor-network theory(ANT),this study develops a perspective of"translating needs"and uses it to analyze how social workers successfully resolved a petition case spanning 25 years.In response to the systematic and dynamic nature,hierarchical and practical aspects,and the constructive features of action inherent in needs,social workers implement"translating needs"through three steps:clarifying needs,identifying needs,and affirming needs.Through this process,petitioners'goals gradually shift from seeking economic compensation to rebuilding their lives.Ultimately,the petitioner abandons ineffective petitions through the"reconciliation"ceremony of a multi-party joint meeting."Translating needs"emerges as a key technique in professional intervention for petition cases,requiring social workers to differentiate between appeals and needs and pay particular attention to the fact that the petition process itself may generate new needs for petitioners."Translating needs"underscores the experimental action intervention,thereby constructing the expected outcomes of successful actions by all parties and reinforcing the translation.In conclusion,this paper expands the concept of"translating needs"as an extension of ANT's translation,detailing its development in four aspects.