基于CFD数值模拟的储能电池箱液冷散热研究及优化

Investigation and Optimization of Liquid Cooling of the Energy Storage Battery Pack Based on CFD Simulation

针对储能电池箱,提出一种采用冲压方式加工的新型液冷流道结构,并基于CFD数值模拟方法,建立了储能电池箱的流-热-固耦合仿真模型,对流道内部流场及整体温度场进行了分析,结果表明:入口流量为5 L/min时,流道流阻为9.828 kPa,电池组顶部最大温差为1.40℃,温度分布均匀性较好,而随着入口流量的逐渐增大,流道流阻大幅增加,电池组散热性能提升有限,逐渐呈现疲态,因此必须合理控制入口流量,维持流道流阻与电池组散热性能之间的平衡。最后,对流道结构进行了针对性优化,增设了有利于加强流体流动扰动,进而强化对流传热的凸包结构,并分析了凸包数量对于电池组温度分布均匀性的影响,为当前锂离子电池组的热管理设计提供了参考。

This paper proposes a new flow channel structure processed by stamping method for liquid cooling of the energy storage battery pack,and establishes a flow-thermal-solid coupling numerical model based on CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics).The internal flow field of the flow channel and the overall temperature field are analyzed.The results show that when the inlet mass flow rate is 5 L/min,the flow resistance of the flow channel is 9.828 kPa,and the maximum temperature difference at battery pack top faces is 1.40 C,which shows a good temperature uniformity.However,as the inlet mass flow rate gradually increases,the flow resistance increases significantly,but the improvement of the heat dissipation performance shows a gradual weakness.Therefore,it is necessary to control the inlet mass flow rate reasonably,in order to maintain the balance of the flow resistance and heat dissipation performance.Finally,a targeted optimization is carried out on the flow channel structure.A convex hull structure is designed,which is conducive to enhance the fluid flow disturbance and the convective heat transfer.Meanwhile,the influence of the quantity of convex hull on the temperature uniformity of the battery pack is analyzed,which provides a reference for the current thermal management design of the lithium-ion battery packs.