饲粮中添加不同中草药对肉鸡营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及盲肠微生物区系的影响

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Serum Biochemical Indices and Cecal Microflora of Broilers

[目的]研究饲粮中添加不同中草药对肉鸡营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及盲肠微生物区系的影响。[方法]采用单因素完全随机设计,将576羽1日龄、体重接近、健康的科宝505白羽肉鸡公雏随机分为8组(A组~H组),每组6个重复,每个重复12羽。A组饲喂基础日粮、B组饲喂基础日粮+0.48 g/kg氟苯尼考、C组饲喂基础日粮+1.5%板蓝根、D组饲喂基础日粮+1.5%大青叶、E组饲喂基础日粮+1.5%青黛、F组饲喂基础日粮+0.75%板蓝根和0.75%大青叶复合物、G组饲喂基础日粮+0.75%板蓝根和0.75%青黛复合物、H组饲喂基础日粮+0.75%大青叶和0.75%青黛复合物。试验期为42 d,根据基础日粮组成及营养水平分为前期(1~21日龄)和后期(22~42日龄)。于39~41日龄收集各组肉鸡排泄物,测定主要营养物质表观消化率;于42日龄分别采集各组肉鸡血液样本,测定血清生化指标;于42日龄采集A组、B组、F组盲肠食糜,分析微生物多样性及丰度。[结果]F组的氮表观消化率显著(P<0.05)高于除A组外的其他处理组,干物质表观消化率显著(P<0.05)高于除B组、G组外的其他处理组,能量表观消化率显著(P<0.05)高于B组、C组、D组、E组、H组,钙表观消化率显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理组,磷表观消化率显著(P<0.05)高于C组、D组、E组、G组、H组。各处理组之间血清白蛋白、总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯及总胆固醇含量均无显著(P>0.05)差异。F组的盲肠微生物群落Chao1指数显著(P<0.05)高于A组。A组、B组及F组盲肠食糜样本中优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),这两个菌门在A组、B组、F组的相对丰度分别为69.49%、70.26%、81.45%和27.52%、25.04%、15.47%;相对丰度较高的菌属为粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、瘤胃球菌科UCG-014属(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014)、巴恩斯菌属(Barnesiella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)。在门水平上,F组的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)高于A组、B组,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于A组、B组;B组的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于A组,蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)高于A组、F组;F组的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于B组。在属水平上,F组的粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、巴恩斯菌属(Barnesiella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于A组、B组,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和瘤胃球菌属扭链群(Ruminococcus_torques_group)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)高于A组、B组;B组的粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于A组。A组、B组、F组盲肠微生物区系的组成无显著(P>0.05)差异。[结论]饲粮中添加0.75%板蓝根和0.75%大青叶的复合物,具有改善肉鸡主要营养物质表观消化率以及盲肠微生物区系多样性和丰度的作用。

[Objective]The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Chinese herbal medicines on nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and cecal microflora of broilers.[Method]The feeding experiment was carried out with a one-factor completely randomized design.A total of 576 one-day-old male healthy Kebao 505 white-feathered broilers with similar weights were randomly allocated to 8 groups(A-H).There were 6 replicates in each group and 12 broilers in each replicate.Group A served as a control and fed the basal diet,and the groups B-H fed the same basal diets adding 0.48 g/kg florfenicol,1.5%Radix isatidis,1.5%Folium isatidis,1.5%Indigo naturalis,0.75%Radix isatidis+0.75%Folium isatidis,0.75%Radix isatidis+0.75%Indigo naturalis,and 0.75%Folium isatidis+0.75%Indigo naturalis,respectively.The feeding experiment which lasted for 42 days was composed of an early stage(1-21 days of age)and a late stage(22-42 days of age)according to the ingredient compositions and nutrition levels of the basal diets.The fecal samples of the broilers at 39-41 days of age were collected to measure the apparent digestibility of major nutrients.The blood samples of the broilers at 42 days of age were collected to determine the biochemical indices.The cecal chyme samples of the broilers in groups A,B and F at 42 days of age were collected to evaluate the microbial diversity and abundance.[Result]Group F had significantly(P<0.05)higher apparent digestibility of nitrogen than the other groups except for group A,had significantly(P<0.05)increased apparent digestibility of dry matter than the other groups except for groups B and G,had significantly(P<0.05)elevated apparent digestibility of energy than groups B,C,D,E and H,had significantly(P<0.05)raised apparent digestibility of calcium than the other groups,and had significantly(P<0.05)improved apparent digestibility of phosphorus than groups C,D,E,G and H.No significant(P>0.05)differences in the serum contents of albumin,total protein,glucose,triglyceride and total cholesterol were observed among the different groups.F group had a significantly(P<0.05)higher Chao1 index of cecal microflora than group A.Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla in cecal chyme samples in groups A,B and F,and the relative abundance of these two bacterial phyla in groups A,B and F were 69.49%,70.26%,81.45%and 27.52%,25.04%,15.47%,respectively.In addition,Faecalibacterium,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014,Barnesiella,Bacteroides and Lactobacillus were the bacterial genera that possessed the higher relative abundance.Group F had significantly(P<0.05)increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly(P<0.05)decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes than groups A and B.Group B had significantly(P<0.05)reduced relative abundance of Bacteroidetes than group A,and had significantly(P<0.05)elevated relative abundance of Cyanobacteria than groups A and F.Group F had significantly(P<0.05)decreased relative abundance of Actinobacteria than group B.The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium,Barnesiella and Bacteroides in group F was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that in groups A and B,while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus_torques_group in group F was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that in groups A and B.The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus in group B was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that in group A.There were no significant(P>0.05)differences in the composition of cecal microflora among groups A,B and F.[Conclusion]Dietary supplementation of 0.75%Radix isatidis and 0.75%Folium isatidis exhibited improving effects on the apparent digestibility of major nutrients as well as the diversity and abundance of cecal microflora in broilers.