不同种类添加剂对青贮饲料品质影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Impacts of Different Types of Additives on Fermentation Quality of Silage

在饲料青贮过程中,依靠青贮原料单独发酵无法完全达到厌氧环境,不仅导致青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮含量升高、乳酸含量下降,还可能引起不良微生物发酵,进而影响青贮效果。为了减少青贮饲料发酵过程中营养物质的损失,提高青贮饲料的发酵品质和营养价值,在制作青贮饲料时经常使用添加剂。常用的青贮饲料添加剂主要分为细菌接种剂、酶制剂、发酵抑制剂、非蛋白氮四大类。不同类型的添加剂通过不同方式改善青贮饲料的发酵品质,进而提高营养价值和饲喂效果。综述了不同种类添加剂对青贮饲料感官品质、发酵品质及微生物多样性影响的研究进展,以期为青贮饲料添加剂的科学选用提供参考。

During the process of silage,the anaerobic environment can not be completely achieved by fermentation of silage raw materials alone,which not only results in the increase of pH value and ammonia nitrogen content as well as the decrease of lactic acid content in silage,but also may lead to the fermentation of undesirable microorganisms,affecting the effect of silage.To reduce the loss of nutrients during the fermentation process of silage and to improve the fermentation quality and nutritional value of silage,additives are commonly used in silage preparation.The frequently used additives for silage mainly include the following four types:bacterial inoculants,enzyme preparations,fermentation inhibitors and non-protein nitrogen.Different types of additives improve the fermentation quality of silage through varied ways,further ameliorating the nutritional value and feeding effect of silage.This paper reviewed the research progress on the impacts of different types of additives on sensory quality,fermentation quality and microbial diversity of silage,in hoping to provide a reference for the scientific selection of silage additives.