消防服外层面料中阻燃纤维的性能对比

Performance Comparison of Flame Retardant Fibers in the Outer Fabric of Firefighters’Clothing

阻燃外层直接接触火场环境,服装燃烧时皮肤的受伤程度远远高于暴露在空气的皮肤,而外层面料性能的好坏取决于纤维本身的性质、纺纱、织造阶段的工艺和设计规格。因此,外层的设计既要满足阻燃性,又要兼顾热防护性能和机械性能,避免消防人员在救援过程出现火焰、蒸汽灼伤等情况,有效地保障他们的人身及财产安全。对八种阻燃纤维进行拉伸性、燃烧性及热学性能的研究,通过这些表征手段筛选出符合外层面料的纤维。研究表明:无论是在力学性能还是热学性能上,PBO纤维、PI纤维、芳纶纤维、POD纤维、PPS纤维整体上的性能都高于阻燃粘胶、阻燃涤纶纤维,其中PBO纤维的性能更优,但考虑到消防服设计成本,采用PI纤维和芳纶纤维进行替代;芳纶1313纤维和POD纤维的性能相近,但由于POD纤维的上染效果不太理想,对POD纤维用于消防服外层面料的研究较少,可试着将POD纤维用于双层结构的里层。通过对常见纤维的测试研究,根据消防服所使用的场景,选择合适的纤维种类,为未来外层织物的设计提供参考。

The flame retardant outer layer is in direct contact with the fire environment,and when the clothing is burning,the injury degree of skin is much higher than that of the skin exposed to air,and the performance of the outer fabric depends on the nature of the fiber itself,the process and design specifications of the spinning and weaving stages.Therefore,the design of the outer layer should not only meet the flame retardancy,but also take into account the thermal protective performance and mechanical properties in order to avoid flame and steam burns and other situations in the rescue process of firefighters,effectively protecting their personal and property safety.In this paper,the tensile,flammability and thermal properties of eight flame retardant fibers were studied,and the fibers that were suitable for the outer fabric were screened out through these characterization methods.The results showed that whether in mechanical properties or thermal properties,the overall performance of PBO fiber,PI fiber,aramid fiber,POD fiber and PPS fiber was higher than that of flame retardant viscose and flame retardant polyester fiber,among which PBO fiber had better performance.But considering the design cost of firefighters’clothing,PI fiber and aramid fiber were used instead.The performance of aramid 1313 fiber and POD fiber was similar,but due to the unsatisfactory dyeing effect of POD fiber,there was less research on the use of POD fiber in the outer fabric of firefighters’clothing,POD fiber could be tried to use as the inner layer of the double-layer structure.Through the test and research of common fibers,according to scene the clothing was used in,the appropriate fiber types were selected to provide reference for the design of the outer fabric in the future.