西安地区女性患者阴道微生态分析及阴道炎分布特征研究

Analysis of Vaginal Microecology and Distribution Characteristics of Vaginitis in Female Patients in Xi’an

目的探究西安地区女性患者阴道微生态特点和阴道炎分布特征,以便为临床治疗提供可靠的参考依据。方法选取2018年1月~2023年8月于陕西省人民医院就诊的102124例女性作为研究对象,采集患者阴道分泌物标本,并对阴道微生态状况进行检测和分析。结果102124例女性患者中,99.87%存在阴道微生态失衡,主要疾病类型为念珠菌性阴道炎(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC),占16.03%;细菌性阴道炎(bacterial vaginosis,BV),占9.61%和滴虫性阴道炎(trichomonal vaginitis,TV),占1.34%。通过统计分析发现,VVC,BV和TV患者年龄以21~30岁为主,在夏秋季时VVC,BV患病率高于其他季节,而TV的患病率在夏季相对较高。另外,在101995例阴道微生态失衡的女性患者中,有27552例单纯性阴道炎患者(27.01%)和1443例混合性阴道炎患者(1.42%)。在混合性阴道炎患者中,BV+VVC组合占了绝大多数(79.00%),年龄段主要在21~40岁之间。在28995例阴道炎患者中,有4308例复发患者(14.86%),其中单纯性阴道炎复发率(11.44%,3152/27552)远远低于混合性阴道炎复发率(80.11%,1156/1443)。结论西安地区女性单纯性阴道炎类型主要为VVC,在夏秋季患病率较高,混合性阴道炎的类型主要为BV+VVC。与单纯性阴道炎相比,混合感染患者更易复发。

Objective To explore the characteristics of vaginal microecology and vaginitis distribution of female patients in Xi’an,so as to provide reliable reference for clinical treatment.Methods A total of 102124 women in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2018 to August 2023 were selected as the research objects.Vaginal secretions were collected from patients,and the vaginal microecology was detected and analyzed.Results Among 102124 female patients,99.87%had vaginal microecological imbalance.The main disease types were vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC),accounting for 16.03%,bacterial vaginitis(BV),accounting for 9.61%and trichomonal vaginitis(TV),accounting for 1.34%.Statistical analysis showed that the age of VVC,BV and TV patients was mainly 21~30 years old.The prevalence of VVC and BV in summer and autumn was higher than that in other seasons,while the prevalence of TV was relatively high in summer.In addition,there were 27552 cases of simple vaginitis(26.98%)and 1443 cases of mixed vaginitis(1.41%)in 101995 female patients with vaginal microecology imbalance.In patients with mixed vaginitis,the BV+VVC combination accounted for the vast majority(79.00%),and the age group was mainly between 21 and 40 years old.Among the 28995 patients with vaginitis,4308 patients(14.86%)had recurrence,and the recurrence rate of simple vaginitis(11.44%,3152/27552)was much lower than that of mixed vaginitis(80.11%,1156/1443).Conclusion The main type of female simple vaginitis in Xi’an is VVC,which has a high prevalence in summer and autumn.The main type of mixed vaginitis is BV+VVC,Compared with simple vaginitis,patients with mixed infection are more likely to relapse.