刺激响应型微针的研究进展

Research progress in stimuli-responsive microneedles for biomedical applications

传统的给药方式存在生物利用度低、操作过程复杂、不适用于针头恐惧患者等问题。透皮给药可以避免这些问题,但是由于大多数药物难以直接穿透皮肤角质层使其应用受限。微针技术作为一种新兴的局部给药方式,能够以微创方式穿透皮肤角质层并将药物直接递送到病变部位,从而提高治疗效果。刺激响应型微针也因其具有时空可控性、药物递送效率高和潜在副作用小等优点而备受关注。本文重点介绍了刺激响应型微针的常用材料、各种刺激响应触发的微针类型及药物释放机制,阐述了其作为药物递送系统的生物医学应用,并探讨了刺激响应型微针面临的挑战和潜在解决方案。

Conventional administration methods have problems including low bioavailability,complex operation process,and discomfort of patients with fear of needles.Transdermal delivery can avoid these problems,whereas most drugs are difficult to directly penetrate the skin cuticle and reach the diseased site.Microneedling is an emerging method of local drug delivery,enabling the drug penetration through the stratum corneum of the skin in a minimally invasive manner and delivering the drug directly to the diseased site,thereby improving the treatment effect.Stimuli-responsive microneedles have attracted much attention because of the spatiotemporal controllability,high drug delivery efficiency,and mild potential side effects.This review introduced the commonly used materials and various types of stimuli-responsive microneedles and the drug release mechanisms.In addition,this paper expounded the biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive microneedles as drug delivery systems in response to different stimuli and discusses the challenges and potential solutions for stimuli-responsive microneedles.