铅基物料冶炼技术发展趋势

Development trend of lead based material smelting technology

我国铅矿资源“贫矿多、富矿少”,海外铅精矿供应过剩量减少。铅冶炼过程存在多元素资源共生、原料品质波动大、冶炼工艺复杂等特点,目前我国有色金属冶炼行业处于机械化、电气化、自动化、信息化并存,不同企业之间呈现发展不平衡的状态。基于以上,本文介绍了铅矿资源(铅精矿和含铅废料)分布情况及铅主要用途,铅冶炼技术发展历程,并概述了当前主要铅基物料冶炼技术,如氧气底吹熔炼-熔融还原-富氧挥发炼铅技术、富氧浸没顶吹炼铅技术、硫酸铅渣湿法炼铅技术、侧吹浸没燃烧熔池熔炼处理再生铅资源技术、脆硫铅锑矿处理技术、铅阳极泥处理技术、铜浮渣及铅精渣处理技术、铅电解技术等,结合铅冶炼的工业生产场景,采用深度学习方法,建立熔炼炉的数据驱动模型,可实现对系统关键运行指标的实时预测与评估,推动铅冶炼技术的智能化、数字化,以迎接铅行业发展机遇与挑战。

China's lead ore resources are characterized by"more poor ore and less rich ore",and the excess supply of overseas lead concentrate has decreased.The lead smelting process is characterized by the coexistence of multiple element resources,large fluctuations in raw material quality,and complex smelting processes.Currently,China's non-ferrous metal smelting industry is in a state of mechanization,electrification,automation,and informatization,and the development of different enterprises is unbalanced.Based on the above,this article introduces the distribution of lead ore resources(lead concentrate and lead-containing waste)and the main uses of lead,the development process of lead smelting technology,and provides a detailed overview of the current main lead based material smelting technologies,such as oxygen bottom blowing smelting-melt reduction-oxygen rich volatilization refining technology,oxygen rich immersion top blowing smelting technology,lead sulfate slag wet smelting technology,side-submerged combustion melting pool smelting treatment technology for regenerated lead resources,britle sulfur lead antimony ore treatment technology,lead anode mud treatment technology,copper floating slag and lead concentrate slag treatment technology,lead electrolysis technology,etc.Combining with the industrial production scenario of lead smelting,deep learning methods are used to establish a data-driven model of the smelting furnace,which can achieve real-time prediction and evaluation of key operating indicators of the system and promote the intelligence and digitization of lead smelting technology,to meet the development opportunities and challenges of the lead industry.