具有募集内源性MSCs功能的骨修复生物材料研究进展

Research progress on bone repair biomaterials with the function of recruiting endogenous mesenchymal stem cells

目的对具有募集内源性MSCs功能的骨修复生物材料的研究进展进行综述。方法广泛查阅近年国内外具有募集内源性MSCs的骨修复生物材料相关文献,从构建方法及优化策略两方面进行总结,提出未来研究方向及重点。结果随着组织工程技术的发展,骨修复生物材料逐渐成为一种理想的骨缺损修复方案。MSCs作为骨组织工程中主要的种子细胞,既往主要以递送外源性MSCs及其外泌体方式构建骨修复生物材料,但存在细胞及其外泌体来源有限、存活率低等诸多问题。为解决上述问题,相关研究利用生长因子、生物活性多肽、特异性核酸适配体等物质与生物材料相结合,构建具有募集干细胞功能的骨修复生物材料,通过优化力学性能、促血管再生及微环境调节能力,进一步优化其干细胞募集功能,发挥促成骨作用。结论相比细胞因子、噬菌体、金属离子,通过筛选得到的生物活性多肽及适配体更具有特异性及靶向性募集的功能。通过在生物材料中修饰具有靶向募集功能的多肽及适配体,并优化材料的力学性能、促血管再生及微环境调节能力,将是骨修复生物材料的发展方向之一。

Objective To review the research progress on bone repair biomaterials with the function of recruiting endogenous mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Methods An extensive review of the relevant literature on bone repair biomaterials,particularly those designed to recruit endogenous MSCs,was conducted,encompassing both domestic and international studies from recent years.The construction methods and optimization strategies for these biomaterials were summarized.Additionally,future research directions and focal points concerning this material were proposed.Results With the advancement of tissue engineering technology,bone repair biomaterials have increasingly emerged as an ideal solution for addressing bone defects.MSCs serve as the most critical“seed cells”in bone tissue engineering.Historically,both MSCs and their derived exosomes have been utilized in bone repair biomaterials;however,challenges such as limited sources of MSCs and exosomes,low survival rates,and various other issues have persisted.To address these challenges,researchers are combining growth factors,bioactive peptides,specific aptamers,and other substances with biomaterials to develop constructs that facilitate stem cell recruitment.By optimizing mechanical properties,promoting vascular regeneration,and regulating the microenvironment,it is possible to create effective bone repair biomaterials that enhance stem cell recruitment.Conclusion In comparison to cytokines,phages,and metal ions,bioactive peptides and aptamers obtained through screening exhibit more specific and targeted recruitment functions.Future development directions for bone repair biomaterials will involve the modification of peptides and aptamers with targeted recruitment capabilities in biological materials,as well as the optimization of the mechanical properties of these materials to enhance vascular regeneration and adjust the microenvironment.