“巴黎手稿”异化劳动批判的文化涵指及其意义

On the Cultural Meaning and Significance of"Paris Manuscript"Alienated Labor Criticism

马克思在“巴黎手稿”的异化劳动批判中关涉美学、艺术、人道主义和拜物教等文化方面,这是事实。这是对资本主义批判的整体性所形成的一个必然板块,但马克思异化劳动批判的文化涵指,不是一般文化学学科意义上的研究,而是意识形态的文化观批判,以及由此而形成的资本主义文化形式问题把握的方法阐述。从“手稿”看,主要涉及四个层次:一是文化本质理解;二是文化观建构的哲学方法;三是文化价值观意义上的人的修养和社会进步问题的尺度;四是资本主义拜物教的文化现象批判和共产主义观的立场问题。“手稿”这些文化涵指的揭示具有重要意义,除了利于深入对资本主义整体批判的把握外,对于理解社会存在决定社会意识的基本原理确立,以及后来《德意志意识形态》乃至《资本论》等著作推进资产阶级意识形态尤其拜物教的批判都提供学理支持。

It is a fact that Marx s critique of alienated labor in“Paris Manuscripts”involves aesthetics,art,humanitarianism and fetishism,which is an inevitable plate formed by the integrity of the critique of capitalism.However,the cultural implication of Marx s critique of alienated labor is not a study in the sense of general culturology,but a critique of the cultural outlook of ideology,and the interpretation of the method of grasping the capitalist cultural form formed from it.From the perspective of the“manuscripts”,it mainly involves four levels.The first is the understanding of cultural essence,the second is the philosophical method of constructing cultural outlook,the third is the scale of human cultivation and social progress in the sense of cultural values,and the fourth is the criticism of cultural phenomenon of capitalist fetishism and the standpoint of communism.The revelation of these cultural implications of the“manuscripts”is of great significance.In addition to the in-depth understanding of the overall critique of capitalism,it also provides theoretical support for the establishment of the basic principle that social existence determines social consciousness,as well as the promotion of bourgeois ideology,especially fetishism,in The German Ideology and even in Capital.