南非1996年宪法多“官方语言”成因分析及其思考

On the Causes and Reflections of the“Multi-official Language”of the 1996’s Constitution of South Africa

南非1996年宪法规定了11种官方语言,其成因错综复杂。除了南非“多种族”“多部族”客观因素外,还有欧洲白人入侵和班图语系黑人为争取平等权利斗争之因。此外,不可忽略南非地缘国家语言、首都“多中心”化、政党及宗教等因素。南非语言法律形式上的平等与重要领域语言使用状况是“非对称”的。最后,作者就南非语言多元化与文化多样性、语言与权利等提出粗浅看法。

The 1996 Constitution of South Africa defines 11 official language policies,which causes are complicated.In this paper,the author tries to analyze from different perspectives:both the objective factors of"multi-ethnic"and"multi-tribe"in South Africa,there are also reasons for the invasion of white European and the struggles for equal rights among Bantu language-speaking indigenous people.In addition,factors such as the language of South Africa s geopolitical countries,the“multi-centered”of its capital,and political parties and faiths can not be ignored.It should be recognized that the equality of the legal form of the languages of South Africa and the use of language in important fields are“asymmetric”.Finally,the author puts forward some superficial opinions of South Africa on languages diversity and cultural diversity,language and rights,etc.