新质生产力视角下公共数据开放对资源型城市转型的影响

The impact of public data access on the transformation of resource-based cities from the perspective of new quality productive forces

【目的】公共数据开放是释放数字资源价值的关键举措,为资源型城市加快实现转型提供了新的机遇,揭示其对转型效率的影响以及机制,可为从新质生产力视角促进资源型城市高质量发展提供科学依据。【方法】本文将地方政府构建数据开放平台看作一项准自然实验,利用中国114个地级资源型城市2006—2021年的面板数据,采用非径向性方向距离函数对城市转型效率加以测算,并根据多时段双重差分模型从新质生产力视角考察公共数据开放对资源型城市转型所产生的效果及其作用机理。【结果】研究发现:(1)公共数据开放显著提升了资源型城市的转型效率,进行内生性处理和稳健性检验后结论依然成立;(2)中介机制分析表明,公共数据开放通过推动绿色技术创新、加强制造业和生产性服务业协同集聚、完善数字金融服务这3种机制促进资源型城市转型;(3)异质性分析发现,公共数据开放对转型效率的提升在位居中部地区、处于再生阶段、属于老工业基地的资源型城市中更为突出。【结论】公共数据开放将数据要素融入资源型城市生产活动加速了其转型进程,应积极利用数据平台在科技创新、产业发展和金融服务领域的重要作用,推动资源型城市发展新质生产力,向高质量发展转型。

[Objective] Public data access is a crucial measure to unlock the value of digital resources,offering resource-based cities new opportunities to accelerate their transformation.Unveiling its impact on transformation efficiency and the underlying mechanisms provides a scientific basis for promoting the high-quality development of resource-based cities from the perspective of new quality productive forces.[Methods] This study treated the construction of data access platforms by local governments as a quasi-natural experiment,and used panel data from 114 resource-based cities in China from 2006 to 2021.A non-radial directional distance function was employed to measure transformation efficiency,considering the scenario where capital,labor,land,technology,and energy inputs are variable,as well as an alternative scenario where only energy input is variable.A multi-period difference-in-differences model was used to examine the effects and mechanisms of public data access on the transformation of resource-based cities from the perspective of new quality productive forces to ensure the accuracy of the results.[Results](1) The study found that public data access resulted in an average improvement of 5.1% in the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities with all five inputs variable,and a 5.8% improvement under the alternative scenario,thereby significantly expediting the transformation of these cities.This conclusion remained valid after endogeneity treatment and robustness tests.(2) Mechanism analysis revealed that public data access facilitated the transformation of resource-based cities through three channels:green technology innovation,enhanced synergistic agglomeration of manufacturing and productive services,and the perfection of digital financial services.(3) Heterogeneity analysis indicated that the public data access had a more pronounced effect on the improvement of transformation efficiency in resource-based cities located in the central region,in the regeneration stage,and belonging to the old industrial base.[Conclusion] The key role of data access in introducing data elements into the transformation of resource-based cities should be emphasized.Actively leveraging the important role of data platforms in technological innovation,industrial development,and financial services provision could help resource-based cities develop new quality productive forces and transform towards high-quality development.