数据要素对县级资源型城市低碳化发展的影响及其机制——来自省级公共数据开放平台的证据

The impact of data factor on the low-carbon development of county-level resource-based cities and mechanism:Evidence from the provincial-level public data access platforms

【目的】数据要素为中国高质量发展提供了新动能,探究数据要素对资源型城市低碳化发展的影响及其机制,可为资源型城市高质量发展提供新思路。【方法】本文基于新质生产力视角,分析了数据要素对资源型城市低碳化发展的影响,借助中国各省(自治区、直辖市)的省级公共数据开放平台上线的政策准自然实验机会,利用2010—2019年中国1014个县级资源型城市面板数据集,采用双重差分模型实证检验了数据要素与资源型城市低碳化发展的关系。【结果】(1)省级公共数据开放平台上线所释放的数据要素对资源型城市的碳排放具有显著的抑制作用,受政策影响的资源型城市碳排放强度约比其他资源型城市低了18.1%。(2)从作用机制看,公共数据开放所释放的数据要素主要通过提升城市的绿色生产力和数字生产力两条重要机制降低资源型城市的碳排放强度。(3)从异质性角度看,公共数据平台上线所释放的数据要素具有较高的普惠性,不同类型城市均可受益于其所带来的碳减排效用,但作用大小也存在一定的差异,其效果大小受城市发展阶段、主导资源类型和地理位置等因素影响。【结论】公共数据开放平台上线释放大量数据要素,有助于资源型城市发展新质生产力,进而降低碳排放强度。资源型城市应该利用好数据要素不断融入传统生产函数的新机遇,培育新质生产力,实现低碳化发展。

[Objective] Data factor has introduced new impetus for China's high-quality development.Investigating the impact of data factor on the low-carbon development of resource-based cities and its mechanisms can offer fresh insights for the sustainable growth of these cities.[Methods]From the perspective of new quality productive forces(NQPF),this study examined how data factor influenced the low-carbon development of resource-based cities.Using the quasi-natural experiment created by the launch of provincial public data access platforms across various provinces in China,and drawing on a panel dataset of 1014 county-level resource-based cities from 2011 to 2019,a difference-in-differences model was employed to empirically test the relationship between data factor and the low-carbon development of these cities.[Results](1) The data factor released through provincial public data access platforms significantly reduced carbon emissions of resourcebased cities.Compared with other resource-based cities,the carbon emission intensity of resourcebased cities affected by this policy was about 18.1% lower.(2) In terms of mechanisms,the data factor released by public data access platforms reduced carbon emission intensity of resource-based cities through two important mechanisms:enhancing green NQPF and digital NQPF of resourcebased cities.(3) From a heterogeneity perspective,the data factor released by public data access platforms were broadly inclusive,benefiting different types of resource-based cities.However,the magnitude of the impact varied depending on factors such as the city's development stage,primary resource type,and geographical location.[Conclusion] The public data access platforms release a wealth of data factor,which aids resource-based cities in developing NQPF and consequently reducing carbon emissions.Resource-based cities should seize the opportunities presented by the continuous integration of data factor into traditional production functions to foster NQPF and achieve low-carbon development.