煤矸石规模化处置及高附加值利用现状与展望

Present Situation and Prospect of Large-Scale Disposal and High Value-Added Utilization of Coal Gangue

煤矸石产量存量大、利用率低、污染严重,依据煤矸石物理化学性质开展大规模综合利用刻不容缓。与传统堆存、填埋的处理方式不同,通过煤矸石采空区离层区充填、改良土壤、复垦耕地等大规模无害化消纳途径,简述了含有铝等有价元素、含有高岭土矿物成分、氮磷钾等有益元素含量高且有害重金属含量低的煤矸石分别用于生产铝盐化工品、高岭土、农业肥料的方法,回顾了将煤矸石作为路基和建材的综合利用途径,分析了目前已有技术中存在的煤矸石处理不彻底、存在二次污染等问题。提出了要建立“多阶梯、分层分级”的高附加值利用产业链,将制备农业肥料的残渣用于改良土壤、复垦耕地,煅烧制高岭土中的固废用于低标准的建材或路基,多层次利用将煤矸石“吃干抹净”,将煤矸石从高附加值利用延伸至矿山充填,实现煤矸石高附加值的大规模消纳。

Coal gangue has large production stock,low utilization rate and serious pollution.It is urgent to carry out large-scale comprehensive utilization according to the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue.The large-scale harmless consumption methods were summarized,such as separation zone filling,soil improvement and reclamation of cultivated land in the coal gangue goaf.The methods of respectively using coal gangue containing valuable elements such as aluminum,kaolin mineral composition,high contents of beneficial elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,as well as low contents of harmful heavy metals to produce aluminum salt chemical products,kaolin and agricultural fertilizer were briefly described.The comprehensive utilization of coal gangue as roadbed and building materials was reviewed,and the problems of incomplete treatment of coal gangue and secondary pollution in the existing technology were analyzed.It is proposed to establish a high value-added utilization industry chain of“multi-step,hierarchical and classification”.The residues of agricultural fertilizers can be used for soil improvement and reclamation of cultivated land.The solid waste in calcined kaolin can be used for low-standard building materials or roadbeds.The multi-level utilization of coal gangue extends coal gangue from high value-added utilization to mine filling,and realizes large-scale consumption of coal gangue with high added value.