活动理论视阈下公共卫生应急信息公开的运行结构透视:要素解析与系统刻画

A Probe into the Operating Structure of Public Health Emergency Information Disclosure from the Perspective of Activity Theory:Element Analysis and System Characterization

[目的/意义]在乌卡时代织就的风险景观社会中,公共卫生应急信息公开是构筑民主和责任政府、保障公民身心健康、维持社会秩序稳定不可或缺的行动策略。[方法/过程]以活动理论为分析框架,对公共卫生应急信息公开活动的要素和运行系统进行深入透视。一方面,采用规范分析法对公共卫生应急信息公开的活动要素和系统构成进行阐释;另一方面,以半结构化访谈、政府官网(官微)、学术文献、政策文件、媒体报道等为数据来源,针对公共卫生应急信息公开系统运行实践中存在的短板和解决方案进行实证探讨。[结果/结论]主体、客体、社群、规则、工具和分工六类要素的耦合互补构成了公共卫生应急信息公开的运行要素结构;信息生产系统、发布规范系统、任务协作系统、对话共享系统则建构了公共卫生应急信息公开的运行系统结构。四大子系统运行中存在工具嵌入不深入、规则制度不完备、高效协同不顺畅、对话沟通不积极的四大困局,对此提出了纾困策略。

[Purpose/significance]In the risk landscape society created by the VUCA era,public health emergency information disclosure is an indispensable action strategy to build a democratic and responsible government,protect the physical and mental health of citizens,and maintain the stability of social order.[Method/process]Using activity theory as the analytical framework,this paper conducts an in-depth perspective on the elements and operating system of public health emergency information disclosure activities.On the one hand,the normative analysis method is used to explain the activity elements and system composition of public health emergency information disclosure;on the other hand,semi-structured interviews,government official website(official microblog),academic literature,policy documents,media reports,etc.are used as data sources to conduct empirical discussions on the shortcomings and solutions in the operation practice of the public health emergency information disclosure system.[Result/conclusion]The coupling and complementation of six elements such as subject,object,community,rules,tools and division of labor constitute the operational element structure of public health emergency information disclosure;information production system,release specification system,task collaboration system and dialogue sharing system are an operating system structure for public health emergency information disclosure was constructed.At the same time,targeted relief strategies were proposed for the four major dilemmas existing in the operation of the four major subsystems:insufficient tool embedding,incomplete rules and regulations,unsmooth efficient collaboration,and inactive dialogue and communication.