接触网用精准力矩控制防松技术创优研究

Application Research on Anti-loosening of OCS Structure and Equipment in Rail Transit

研究目的:轨道交通的发展程度已成为现代化的标志,对国家经济发展、社会稳定均起着关键性作用,其中牵引供电系统的安全可靠性逐渐成为民众关注的焦点。供电系统中,接触网与受电弓的良好动态匹配是实现机车平稳取流的关键,但频繁的交变接触力作用引起的高频振动,会导致接触网零部件的松动,特别是在高速铁路运行过程中,列车机械振动与风振耦合,更加剧了螺纹松动。因此设备及零部件的防松是安全可靠最基本的要求。本文旨在对接触网结构、装备及零件间的连接方式、螺纹连接失效模式及基体压溃现象等进行综合能力分析。采用定性调查法、定量试验法、理论计算及有限元定型对比模拟计算等手段,对螺纹的紧固与防松技术性能进行对比分析及防松能力评价,并提出简单、长效、可控的螺纹连接的新型技术。研究结论:(1)接触网用的碳钢或添加元素的碳钢M16及以上规格的螺栓、螺母占比约为40%,但是紧固力矩控制及防松性能评价往往被忽略;(2)倒锥体的锚栓一定要在精确的紧固力矩下使得胶与本体脱离产生膨胀挤压才可更好地发挥作用,因此紧固力矩的精确控制就是重要的安全指标;(3)通过对松开力矩及紧固力矩关系论证得知,并非松开力矩只要大于紧固力矩就可完全防松,如果处理不当会造成螺纹黏着及咬死现象,紧固力矩精准控制才是真正防松的关键;(4)精准力矩控制型防松螺母,能以最简单的操作达到最精确的力矩值,保证可靠连接、指标可控、节能增效,更适用于高原高海拔高空作业;(5)本研究成果可应用于接触网设备、构筑物及零部件的螺栓紧固及防松。

Research purposes:The development degree of rail transit has become a symbol of modernization and plays a key role in national economic development and social stability.Among them,the safety and reliability of traction power supply systems have gradually become the focus of public attention.The dynamic matching of catenary and pantograph in the power supply system is the key to ensure the smooth current collection of the locomotive.However,the high-frequency vibration caused by frequent alternating contact force can loosen components of the catenary,especially in high-speed railway operation,coupled with mechanical vibration and wind-induced vibration of trains.Therefore,the anti-loosening of equipment and components is an essential requirement for safety and reliability.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the comprehensive ability of catenary structure,equipment,connection mode between parts,failure mode of threaded connection,and matrix collapse.Through qualitative investigation,quantitative test,theoretical calculation,and finite element comparative simulation calculation,the technical performance of thread fastening and anti-loosening is compared and analyzed,and the anti-loosening ability is evaluated and the new technology for simple,long-term,and controllable thread connection is proposed.Research conclusions:(1)The proportion of carbon steel or carbon steel M16 and above bolts and nuts with added elements used in the overhead contact system is about 40%,but the control of tightening torque and the evaluation of anti-loosening performance are often ignored.(2)The anchor bolts of the inverted cone must be tightened accurately to allow the adhesive to detach from the body and produce expansion and compression,to better play their role.Therefore,precise control of tightening torque is an important safety indicator.(3)Through the analysis of the relationship between loosening torque and tightening torque,it is concluded that it is not necessary to completely prevent loosening as long as the loosening torque is greater than the tightening torque.Improper handling can lead to thread adhesion and jamming.Accurate control of tightening torque is the key to truly preventing loosening.(4)Precision torque control type antiloosening nut achieves the most precise torque value with the simplest operation,ensuring reliable connection,controllable indicators,energy saving,and efficiency enhancement,and is more suitable for high-altitude operations on high altitudes.(5)The research results are mainly applied to bolt tightening and anti-loosening of contact network equipment,structures,and components.