利用微卫星标记分析贺兰山东麓不同子产区酿酒酵母遗传多样性

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Different Sub-regions of the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountains Using Microsatellite Markers

本研究采用7个微卫星分子标记(SCAAT1、YPL009C、C4、C5、C11、SCAAT3、SCY0R267c),对宁夏贺兰山东麓5个子产区的‘霞多丽’‘赤霞珠’和‘美乐’葡萄酒发酵中分离的59株本土酿酒酵母和10株商业酿酒酵母进行了遗传多样性分析。7个位点共检测出153个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数为15~28个;平均多态信息含量0.7990,均为高多态位点;SCAAT1表现出最高的观测杂合度0.9278,C5表现出最高的期望杂合度0.8699。在聚类分析中,各株酵母可以得到有效区分,各子产区本土酿酒酵母表现出较明显的地域分化,来源于青铜峡产区的菌株大都聚类在一起,来源于永宁、石嘴山和红寺堡产区的菌株表现出较近的亲缘关系;年份因素对特定产区(如青铜峡)的菌株聚类有显著影响,尤其是在2020年和2019年的样本中表现出较高的遗传相似性;品种因素对菌株聚类的影响较为复杂,‘赤霞珠’在不同产区和年份中表现出较稳定的基因特征,而‘霞多丽’和‘美乐’则表现出较强的地域性。商业酿酒酵母与本土酿酒酵母保持了一定的遗传距离,表现出比本土酿酒酵母更低的遗传相似性。69株酿酒酵母菌株表现出较高水平的遗传多样性,本土酿酒酵母在不同子产区间存在一定的遗传距离,商业酿酒酵母与本土酿酒酵母表现出较远的亲缘关系。

Seven microsatellite molecular markers(SCAAT1,YPL009C,C4,C5,C11,SCAAT3,and SCY0R267c)were used in this study to analyze the genetic diversity of 59 indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from the fermentation of'Chardonnay''Cabernet Sauvignon'and'Merlot'wines from five different sub-regions in the eastern foot of Helan Mountains in Ningxia and 10 commercial strains.A total of 153 alleles were detected at 7 loci,with 15-28 alleles per locus.The average polymorphism information content(PIC)was 0.7990,suggesting that all of which were high polymorphism loci.SCAAT1 showed the highest observed heterozygosity of 0.9278 and C5 showed the highest expected heterozygosity of 0.8699.From cluster analysis,it could be seen that each strain of S.cerevisiae could be effectively distinguished,and indigenous S.cerevisiae in each sub-region showed significant regional differentiation.Most of the strains from Qingtongxia were clustered together,while the strains from Yongning,Shizuishan and Hongsipu showed close genetic relationship.The results also demonstrated that vintage had a significant effect on the clustering of strains from specific sub-regions(e.g.,Qingtongxia),with higher genetic similarity observed in the samples from 2020 and 2019.Variety had a more complex impact on strain clustering,with'Cabernet Sauvignon'showing stable genetic characteristics across different sub-regions and vintages,while'Chardonnay'and'Merlot'exhibited more pronounced regional differentiation.Commercial S.cerevisiae has maintained some genetic distance from indigenous S.cerevisiae,showing a lower genetic similarity than between indigenous S.cerevisiae.69 S.cerevisiae strains exhibited relatively high genetic diversity.There was a certain genetic distance between indigenous S.cerevisiae in different sub-regions,and commercial S.cerevisiae exhibited a distant genetic relationship with indigenous S.cerevisiae.