居民视角下乡村地区生态系统文化服务评估与优化--以浙江四十里河河谷为例

Evaluation and optimization of cultural ecosystem services in rural areas from the perspective of residents:a case study of Sishili River Valley in Zhejiang Province

阐明乡村地区居民生态系统文化服务的空间感知特征及其与环境的互动关系,对于支撑乡村环境品质和居民福祉的可持续提升具有重要价值。以浙江四十里河河谷为对象,将支付意愿法与PPGIS相结合,并利用MaxEnt模型开展乡村地区的生态系统文化服务评估。研究结果表明:(1)乡村居民对休闲娱乐、美学、历史文化的需求较高,年龄与居住环境特征会进一步影响居民的偏好。(2)丰惠古镇所在的乡镇中心区、通明闸以南乡野片区、四明湖畔的东明山景区以及红色资源丰富的横坎头村是区域生态系统文化服务的热点,而生态系统负面文化影响则多分布于乡镇、村落集中建设片区内部和部分景区、采石场区域。(3)对生态系统文化服务影响最大的是距文保单位和景区的距离,其他还包括距河渠、湖泊、居委会和村委会的距离,以及高程和人造地表、耕地等土地利用类型,与生态系统负面文化影响紧密相关的则是距文保单位、景区以及居委会和村委会的距离。(4)研究结合居民偏好和MaxEnt制图结果,提出划定乡村地区生态系统文化服务高值保护区与潜力提升区的方法,以支撑3类空间优化策略的针对性实施。研究能够为乡镇级小尺度乡村地区的生态系统文化服务评估及其规划应用提供方法参考。

The perception of cultural ecosystem services(CES)among rural residents and its interaction with the environment is crucial for enhancing environmental quality and the well-being of residents.Taking Sishili River Valley in Zhejiang as a case study,by utilizing the Willingness to Pay method,Public Participation Geographic Information Systems(PPGIS),and the MaxEnt model,we evaluate CES in rural areas.The key findings are as follows:(1)Rural residents have high demands for recreation,aesthetics,and historical culture,with preferences further influenced by age and residential environment characteristics.(2)Hotspots of regional CES include the town center area where Fenghui Ancient Town is located,the rural area south of Tongming Sluice,the Dongming Mountain Scenic Area by Siming Lake,and Hengkantou Village rich in red resources.In contrast,cultural ecosystem disservices(CEDS)are mostly distributed within the densely built-up areas of towns and villages,as well as some scenic spots and quarry areas.(3)The most significant factor affecting CES is the distance to cultural heritage sites and scenic spots,followed by the distance to rivers,lakes,neighborhood committees,and village committees,as well as elevation and land use types such as artificial surfaces and farmland.CEDS are closely related to the distance to cultural heritage sites,scenic spots,and neighborhood and village committees.(4)Combining residents′preferences and MaxEnt mapping results,the study proposes methods for delineating high-value conservation zones and potential enhancement zones for CES in rural areas,supporting the targeted implementation of three types of spatial strategies.The research provides a methodological reference for CES assessment and its planning applications in small-scale rural areas at the township level.