“中国天眼”宁静区生态安全格局识别--基于OWA和电路理论

Identification of ecological security pattern in FAST Quiet Zone based on Ordered Weighted Averaging and circuit theory

“中国天眼”工程FAST(Five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope)是国家重大科技基础设施工程,其半径30km内的宁静区生态脆弱,经济社会发展滞后,面临生态保护与加快发展的双重压力。构建生态安全格局是协调区域经济发展和生态保护矛盾、促进区域可持续发展的重要途径。以FAST宁静区为研究对象,基于2020年生态系统服务功能,采用有序加权平均多准则决策法(Ordered Weighted Averaging,OWA)考虑了7种情景下各生态系统服务之间的权衡关系并识别出最适合的优先保护区作为FAST宁静区的生态源地;基于生态敏感性结果对基本阻力面进行修正得到综合阻力面;运用电路理论提取生态廊道和关键生态节点,构建FAST宁静区生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)FAST宁静区生态系统服务时空差异显著,2020年较2000年生态系统服务平均值降低的类型为水源涵养和土壤保持,增加的类型为固碳和生境质量。(2)识别生态源地数共44个,源地面积197.15 km^(2),呈北密南疏、西多东少的空间分布态势,多集中分布在乡镇之间的交界处。(3)提取了72条活跃廊道和3条非活跃廊道,生态廊道总长度537.66km,廊道总体呈蛛网状分布特征。识别38个生态夹点和18处一级障碍点,面积分别为2.56km^(2)和14km^(2)。(4)基于分析结果和FAST工程安全运行的需要,提出FAST宁静区生态分区管控方案:FAST的核心区、中间区西南部和边远区西北部为生态重要区,中间区北部和边远区南部为生态改善区,其余为一般生态区。

The China′s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST)project is a significantly national scientific infrastructure.The FAST Quiet Zone within a radius of 30 km is ecologically fragile,with lagging economic and social development,facing dual pressures of ecological protection and accelerated development.Constructing an ecological security pattern is an important approach to reconcile the contradiction between regional economic development and ecological protection,and to promote regional sustainable development.This study focuses on the FAST Quiet Zone,utilizing the 2020 ecosystem service functions and applying the Ordered Weighted Averaging(OWA)multi-criteria decision-making method to consider the trade-offs among various ecosystem services under seven scenarios,identifying the most suitable priority conservation areas as the ecological sources of the FAST Quiet Zone.Based on ecological sensitivity results,the basic resistance surface is revised to obtain a comprehensive resistance surface.The circuit theory is employed to extract ecological corridors and key ecological nodes,constructing an ecological security pattern for the FAST Quiet Zone.The results indicated that:(1)There were significantly temporal and spatial differences in ecosystem services within the FAST Quiet Zone,with an average decrease in water conservation and soil retention from 2000 to 2020,and an increase in carbon sequestration and habitat quality.(2)A total of 44 ecological sources were identified,covering area of 197.15 km^(2),showing a dense distribution in the north and sparse in the south,and more in the west than in the east,predominantly located at the interfaces between towns.(3)72 active corridors and 3 inactive corridors were extracted,with a total length of 537.66 km,showing a spider-web-like distribution pattern.38 ecological pinch points and 18 primary barrier points were identified,with areas of 2.56 km^(2) and 14 km^(2),respectively.(4)Based on the analysis results and the operational safety needs of the FAST project,an ecological zoning and control scheme for the FAST Quiet Zone was proposed:the core area of FAST,the southwest part of the middle area,and the northwest part of the remote area were designated as ecologically important areas,the north part of the middle area and the south part of the remote area were designated as ecological improvement areas,and the rest were designated as general ecological areas.