漓江流域景观生态系统文化服务需求多尺度感知及影响因素

Multi⁃scale perception of the demand for cultural ecosystem services and influencing factors in the Lijiang River Basin

生态系统文化服务是连接生态系统和人类福祉的关键。生态系统文化服务功能的评价已成为影响区域生态系统管理、协调保护与制定决策的重要前提之一。以漓江流域为例,通过对全国以及漓江流域两个尺度进行公众问卷调查,阐明本地居民和外地游客对喀斯特景观生态系统文化服务的需求,探讨了景观多样性与公众感知生态系统文化服务需求之间的关系。结果表明:(1)相较于流域尺度,全国尺度的受访者对喀斯特独特景观的生态系统文化服务需求程度更高;(2)西南、南方地区的受访者对漓江流域景观的生态系统文化服务需求程度更为突出;流域尺度上,桂林市周边区域比桂林市中心受访者对各景观类型的文化服务需求更高;(3)在全国尺度上,受访者性别和文化程度对漓江流域不同景观文化服务需求差异并不显著(P>0.05);但流域尺度上,受访者职业、月收入等7个人口学因素在其感知生态系统文化服务需求方面呈现出显著差异(P<0.05)。通过深入了解不同尺度的人群对漓江流域景观文化服务的需求,有助于指导景观保护规划,制定面向需求的适应性管理措施。未来,可以根据调查结果有针对性地制定生态旅游和景观保护策略,以实现漓江流域景观的可持续保护及人类福祉。

Cultural ecosystem service plays a pivotal role in bridging ecosystems and human well-being.Identification and assessment of the cultural ecosystem service functions have emerged as crucial prerequisite influencing the coordinated conservation and decision-making in regional ecosystem management.Due to its rich karst landscape resources,the Lijiang River Basin was included in the list of World Heritage Site in 2014.It also secured a position as one of the initially national innovation demonstration zones for sustainable development in order to implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in China.The basin′s unique landscape resources offer diverse cultural ecosystem services,including tourism,leisure,spiritual healing,and ecological education.Consequently,these cultural ecosystem services have propelled the rapid growth of its ecosystem industry,emerging as a crucial pillar of socio-economic development in the Lijiang River Basin.However,the increasing demand for karst landscapes exacerbated the degradation of karst ecosystems.Thus,this study investigates public perceptions of cultural ecosystem service demand and analyzes the correlation between landscape diversity and public perceptions of cultural ecosystem service demand in the Lijiang River Basin.The exploration is conducted through nationwide and Lijiang River Basin-scale public questionnaire surveys.The findings reveal that:(1)in comparison to the watershed scale,the respondents at the national scale exhibit a higher demand for cultural services provided by the distinctive karst landscapes.(2)The respondents in the southwestern and southern regions of China manifest more prominent demand for landscape cultural services in the Lijiang River Basin;At the watershed scale,the respondents living in peripheral areas around Guilin City demonstrate a higher demand for cultural ecosystem services across various landscape types compared to those living in the central urban area of Guilin City.(3)The demographic factors exhibit pronounced influence in the perceived demand for cultural services of landscape diversity.At the national scale,gender and educational level do not significantly influence(P>0.05)the cultural service demand perception in the Lijiang River Basin.However,at the watershed scale,the respondents′occupation,monthly income,and other demographic factors show significant differences(P<0.05)in their perceived demand for cultural ecosystem services among various landscapes.The study could help us to understand the demand for landscape cultural services in Lijiang River Basin among different scales,which contributes to guide landscape conservation planning and develop demand-oriented adaptive management measures.In the future,the targeted strategies for ecological tourism and landscape conservation can be developed based on survey results to achieve sustainable protection of Lijiang River Basin landscapes and human well-being.