“平急两用”公共基础设施与应急避难场所对比分析及标准化启示

Comparison of"Dual-use for Peacetime and Emergency"Public Infrastructure and Emergency Shelter and Enlightenment to Standardization

“平急两用”公共基础设施和应急避难场所建设都有“平急两用”的理念,但相较而言,应急避难场所政策和标准体系更为健全,“平急两用”公共基础设施相关配套政策或技术指南尚在制定过程中,厘清两者之间的关系有利于政策和标准体系之间的衔接。该文尝试从“平急两用”的内涵和“急时”定位、设计理念和要求、适用设施和资源综合利用等三个方面,对“平急两用”公共基础设施与应急避难场所进行较为系统的对比分析,希望对“平急两用”相关标准制定及标准化发展有所启示。

The construction of"dual-use for peacetime and emergency"public infrastructure and emergency shelters both involve the"dual-use for peacetime and emergency"concept,but comparatively,the policy and standard system of emergency shelters are more established.The supplementary policies or technical guidelines for"dual-use for peacetime and emergency"public infrastructure are still in the process of formulation.Clarifying the relationship between the two is beneficial for the integration of policies and standard systems.This article attempts to systematically compare and analyze"dual-use for peacetime and emergency"public infrastructure and emergency shelters from three perspectives:the connotation of"dual-use for peacetime and emergency"and"emergency use",design principles and requirements,applicable facilities and comprehensive utilization of resources,and aims to provide enlightenment to standard formulation and standardization of"dual-use for peacetime and emergency".